{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T16:04:46Z","timestamp":1778342686449,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOST 109-2221-E-214-017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2221-E-214-017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, the Nd:YAG laser process was employed with preselected welding parameters and varying initial welding temperatures (including room temperature, 10 \u00b0C, and 0 \u00b0C) for spot welding of (Zr53Al17Co29)Nb1 bulk metallic glass. Following welding, the microstructure\u2014including the parent material, heat-affected zone (HAZ), and weld fusion zone (WFZ)\u2014as well as the microhardness, thermal properties, and corrosion resistance of the welds, were systematically investigated. Owing to the low glass-forming ability of the alloy, a small amount of Zr6CoAl2 phase was observed within the amorphous matrix at the center of the bulk metallic glass cast plate. After the laser welding, sub-micron or nanoscale Zr(AlxCo1\u2212x)2 phases have formed in the HAZ of all welded samples, which significantly influenced the microhardness, thermal properties, and corrosion resistance in this region. As the initial welding temperature decreased, both the volume fraction and the density of the Zr(AlxCo1\u2212x)2 phase were reduced. Notably, for the weld performed at the lowest initial temperature of 0 \u00b0C, small crystalline phases were detected only at approximately 70 \u03bcm below the surface of the HAZ. To clarify the effect of IWTs on corrosion resistance, welded samples were immersed in 6 M HCl at 35 \u00b0C for 72\u2013120 h. Surface morphologies after corrosion were examined by SEM in the PM, HAZ, and WFZ. No evident pitting was detected after 72 h of immersion. After 120 h, pitting corrosion was observed on the HAZ surfaces of welds subjected to RT and 10 \u00b0C IWTs, whereas no obvious pitting was found at an IWT of 0 \u00b0C. The pit size and density in the HAZ increased with increasing IWT. In contrast, no pitting was observed in the WFZ under any IWT condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19061078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T15:32:09Z","timestamp":1773243129000},"page":"1078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Properties of Laser-Welded Zr-Al-Co-Nb Bulk Metallic Glass"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Huei-Sen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2383-2988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Chun","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7151-4904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hou-Guang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shao-Chi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1894-3520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason Shian-Ching","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Material Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intermet.2017.12.008","article-title":"Significantly enhanced mechanical properties of ZrAlCo bulk amorphous alloy croalloying with Ta","volume":"93","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intermetallics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2010.11.027","article-title":"Recent development and application products of bulk glassy alloys","volume":"59","author":"Inoue","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.153079","article-title":"Zr-Co-Al bulk metallic glass composites containing B2 ZrCo via rapid quenching and annealing","volume":"820","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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