{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T18:58:45Z","timestamp":1773341925427,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ECOCCEALPROT project","award":["311PED\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311PED\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper reports initial experimental results related to the preparation of colored anodic titania thin layers using various deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based formulations. Electrolytes based on choline dihydrogen citrate\u2013oxalic acid\u2013ethylene glycol (1:1:1 molar ratio), choline chloride\u2013oxalic acid (1:1 molar ratio) and choline chloride\u2013lactic acid (1:2 molar ratio) eutectic mixtures were investigated. The anodization has been performed at constant voltage in a range of 10\u2013100 V for various periods of time between 1 and 5 min at room temperature under mild stirring. A brief description of anodization procedures, as well as of some characteristics, from appearance and morphological viewpoints, is presented. A quantitative analysis of color characteristics in relation to the DES-based electrolyte and applied voltage using the CIELAB system is also discussed. The achieved chromatic scale follows this order of colors: golden\u2014blue\u2014light blue\u2014light blue\/green\u2014pink\u2014violet. This depends on the applied potential and the DES-based electrolyte. The films present a relatively high brightness and color saturation. The hue vs. anodization voltage diagrams suggest an almost linear dependence of the oxide growth measured against the applied voltage. The corrosion performance has been assessed through continuous immersion tests in (i) 0.5 M NaCl for 240 h and (ii) Hank\u2019s biological solution for 96 h with intermediate visual examinations and recording corrosion potential, as well as potentiodynamic polarization curves and impedance spectra at open circuit potential. Different corrosion performances are discussed considering the aggressive medium involved and the used DES-based systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19061087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:23:03Z","timestamp":1773307383000},"page":"1087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Colored Anodic Titania Thin Layers Involving Various Deep Eutectic Solvent Formulations\u2014Evaluation of Corrosion Behavior"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8815-4650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"State (Rosoiu)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 132 Calea Grivitei, 010737 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Institute of Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Str., 077190 Voluntari-Ilfov, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian-Cristian","family":"Manea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistryand Electrochemistry, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 132 Calea Grivitei, 010737 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Center of Surface Science and Nanotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oana","family":"Brincoveanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Str., 077190 Voluntari-Ilfov, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1377-5620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Anastasoaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Str., 077190 Voluntari-Ilfov, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1145-2948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liana","family":"Anicai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Surface Science and Nanotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2022.01.008","article-title":"Classification and applications of titanium and its alloys","volume":"54","author":"Pushp","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. 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