{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T12:08:03Z","timestamp":1788178083538,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22078141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22078141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coke, as an essential metallurgical raw material, is widely used in iron and steel production. To investigate the pyrolysis behavior and cross-linking reactions during the pyrolysis of coking coal, pyrolysis experiments were conducted in a quartz-tube fixed-bed reactor placed in an electric furnace. The yields and compositions of the pyrolysis products were systematically analyzed. Gaseous and tar components generated at different pyrolysis stages were characterized using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS). The semi-coke was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the yields of tar from coking coal pyrolysis have a notable impact on the cross-linking reactions occurring during the coal pyrolysis process. The structural differences between Malan coal (ML) and Tunlan coal (TL) coals underlie their distinct behaviors in cross-linking intensity, tar evolution profiles, and coke-forming properties. For high-volatile, highly fluid ML coal, the release of the aliphatic compounds in tar volatiles remains relatively low at the temperature of maximum fluidity, which is beneficial to the cross-linking reactions. In contrast, for TL coal with lower volatility and fluidity, substantial H2 emission during the early pyrolysis stage promotes cross-linking reactions. This study provides new insights into the temperature-dependent evolution of cross-linking reactions during coking coal pyrolysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19061096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T13:12:24Z","timestamp":1773321144000},"page":"1096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Insight into Pyrolysis Behavior and Cross-Linking Reactions Mechanism During Coking Coals Pyrolysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxiao","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingxing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianglong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"},{"name":"Suzhou Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology, Southeast University-Monash University Joint Graduate School, Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162471","article-title":"Mechanism of metallurgical coke gasification in CO2 and H2O using a reaction-diffusion model","volume":"512","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. 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