{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T23:00:44Z","timestamp":1783119644523,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Centre for Research and Development, Poland","award":["POIR.04.01.04-00-0077\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIR.04.01.04-00-0077\/20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of collagen-based composite materials offers new opportunities for designing bioactive porous structures with tunable properties. This study focuses on sponges or scaffolds fabricated from fish skin-derived tropocollagen combined with detonation nanodiamonds (NDs), aiming to explore how incorporation of NDs and application of radiation, as a potential sterilization method, influence structural and functional characteristics of the material. Freeze-dry methods of sponge fabrication resulted in a bilayered structure of open porosity, with microporosity at the top and a microchannel at the lower part of the material. The sponges demonstrated mechanical properties with relatively low elongation of below 10%, while the maximum stress was reduced by ca. 20% due to irradiation. Hydration and absorption experiments, mimicking the resorption of collagen in physiological conditions of expected application as wound dressing material, demonstrated controllable fluid uptake and gradual material dissolution, taking place over several hours, depending essentially on the irradiation treatment and morphological characteristics of the sponge. These findings highlight the versatility of collagen\u2013nanodiamond composites as platforms, in which structural design and processing parameters control performance. Moreover, they provide a strong indication of the expected behavior of collagen\u2013nanoparticle systems, including those incorporating NDs modified to impart specific biological functionality, such as antimicrobial activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19061106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T14:46:31Z","timestamp":1773326791000},"page":"1106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fabrication and Characterization of Fish Tropocollagen Sponge Enriched with Nanodiamonds for Potential Wound Dressing Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Bo\u017cena","family":"Rokita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wr\u00f3blewskiego 15, 93-590 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4804-0266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Witkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Apparatus, Institute of Turbomachinery, Lodz University of Technology, W\u00f3lcza\u0144ska 217\/221, 93-005 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4635-8019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Karczemska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Apparatus, Institute of Turbomachinery, Lodz University of Technology, W\u00f3lcza\u0144ska 217\/221, 93-005 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Piwowarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Island Clinic, Toru\u0144ska 15, 80-747 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7311-4525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Wach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wr\u00f3blewskiego 15, 93-590 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayashi, Y. 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