{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T21:43:20Z","timestamp":1773870200790,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["415796511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["415796511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The uniaxial tensile test is a common and fundamental test in materials science and engineering, in which a specimen is subjected to controlled tension until failure. From this, the stress\u2013strain curve and many property parameters of the material can be calculated, such as tensile strength, ultimate strength, maximum elongation, Young\u2019s modulus, Poisson\u2019s ratio, and yield strength. As fibrous materials, such as paper and paperboard, become more popular, accurately measuring their mechanical properties becomes essential for developing and applying these materials, especially in packaging. However, since they are anisotropic and inherently inhomogeneous due to the arrangement of the fibers, accurately determining their mechanical properties is not straightforward. This study investigated how several key factors influence the results of tensile tests on fiber-based materials: sample size and deformation measurement techniques using three fiber materials. This study also compared three different strain recording methods: digital image correlation (DIC), video extensometer, and conventional extensometer (Traverse). The DIC technique emphasized the effect of the inherent inhomogeneity of the paperboard on the overall mechanical properties obtained from tensile tests. The results indicated that sample size has a negligible effect on the stress\u2013strain curve, and any apparent influence likely stems from slip at the grips during tensile testing. However, sample size does affect paperboard fracture to some extent. The study also provided recommendations for optimal specimen geometry and deformation recording methods to improve the accuracy and repeatability of tensile testing of fiber-based materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19061197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T14:14:05Z","timestamp":1773843245000},"page":"1197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Sample Size and Deformation Measurement Techniques on Uniaxial Tensile Testing of Fiber-Based Materials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8628-7772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuchen","family":"Leng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Darmstadt Institute for Production Engineering and Forming Machines, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7015-5804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cedric W.","family":"Sanjon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, 01189 Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"TU Dresden Institute for Processing Machines and Processing Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7927-9523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Groche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Darmstadt Institute for Production Engineering and Forming Machines, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Hauptmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, 01189 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens-Peter","family":"Majschak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, 01189 Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"TU Dresden Institute for Processing Machines and Processing Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Niskanen, K. 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Mech."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/19\/6\/1197\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T14:22:36Z","timestamp":1773843756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/19\/6\/1197"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ma19061197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma19061197","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]}}}