{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:35:04Z","timestamp":1791974104388,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. Science and Technology Project Fund","award":["GDKJXM20240104 (030000KC24010014)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDKJXM20240104 (030000KC24010014)"]}]},{"award":["GDKJXM20240104 (030000KC24010014)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDKJXM20240104 (030000KC24010014)"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03hkh9419","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To overcome the low thermal conductivity and flow channel clogging inherent in traditional phase change materials (PCMs) for immersion cooling, this study develops a novel oil-based phase change emulsion (PCE) integrating high thermal transport with adaptive rheological behavior. A liquid thermal conductivity enhancer was synthesized by modifying epoxidized soybean oil with LiTFSI and blending it with a synthetic ester to form a dielectric base fluid. A mid-to-low-temperature PCM (Span65) was then incorporated via surfactant-free ultrasonic emulsification. The resulting PCE exhibits a tunable phase-change window (25~40 \u00b0C) driven by interfacial confinement effects and a multiscale lamellar network. It achieves significantly enhanced thermal conductivity (15% increase over base oil) while maintaining excellent electrical insulation (&lt;10\u22129 S\/cm). Rheologically, the emulsion transitions from shear-thinning in the solid state to near-Newtonian in the liquid state, optimizing both suspension stability and pumping efficiency. This work establishes a strategy for designing high-performance, safe, and energy-efficient dielectric coolants, offering a robust solution for next-generation electronic and battery thermal management systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19071330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:45:53Z","timestamp":1774615553000},"page":"1330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Oil-Based Phase Change Emulsions Endowed with High Thermal Conductivity and Responsive Rheological Behavior"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yihua","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of and Electric Power Equipment Reliability, Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of and Electric Power Equipment Reliability, Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaohong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of and Electric Power Equipment Reliability, Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of and Electric Power Equipment Reliability, Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2973-6","article-title":"Inference in artificial intelligence with deep optics and photonics","volume":"588","author":"Wetzstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.039","article-title":"PowerGen: Resources Utilization and Power Consumption Data Generation Framework for Energy Prediction in Edge and Cloud Computing","volume":"238","author":"Ismail","year":"2024","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. 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