{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T13:17:10Z","timestamp":1775827030683,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Science and Technology Projects of Gansu Province","award":["22ZD6GA008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ZD6GA008"]}]},{"name":"Major Science and Technology Projects of Gansu Province","award":["24ZD13GA018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24ZD13GA018"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Key Laboratory of Solar Power System","award":["2024SPKL02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SPKL02"]}]},{"name":"Youth Project of Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China","award":["KJQN202403205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202403205"]}]},{"name":"Youth Project of Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China","award":["KJQN202303213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202303213"]}]},{"name":"Youth Project of Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China","award":["KJZD-M202503201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJZD-M202503201"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Research Fund of Chongqing Industry Polytechnic University","award":["2024GZYBSZK1-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GZYBSZK1-07"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Against the backdrop of the global trends toward lightweighting, multi-functionalization, and greening of materials, polypropylene (PP) has been extensively applied owing to its advantages of low density and low cost. However, its inferior foaming performance fails to meet high-end application requirements, which is primarily attributed to its low melt strength and restricted crystallization behavior. In this paper, the five-dimensional selection mechanism and classification of components for PP micro\/nanocomposites fabricated via supercritical foaming are systematically summarized. The regulatory effects of micro\/nano additives on the crystallization, rheological properties, and foaming behavior of PP are quantitatively analyzed. The parameter optimization windows of three foaming processes, namely batch foaming, extrusion foaming, and injection foaming, are integrated (e.g., a foaming temperature of 150\u2013170 \u00b0C and a saturation pressure of 8\u201320 MPa). Additionally, the application progress of PP micro\/nanocomposite foams in fields such as automotive lightweighting (with a weight reduction rate of 64.29%) and building thermal insulation (with a thermal conductivity as low as 29 mW\/(m\u00b7K)) is outlined. The core novel insight of this work lies in clarifying the unified mechanism of crystal refinement induced by reinforcing agents with different geometric morphologies, which is dominated by the synergy between heterogeneous nucleation and steric hindrance. This finding provides theoretical and technical guidelines for the industrial-scale preparation of high-performance PP foams.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19081527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T12:01:52Z","timestamp":1775822512000},"page":"1527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recent Advances in the Fabrication of High-Performance Polypropylene Micro-Nano Composites via Supercritical Foaming"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing Industry Polytechnic University, Chongqing 401120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing Industry Polytechnic University, Chongqing 401120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1836-5211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faqi","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuehong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengyao","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing Industry Polytechnic University, Chongqing 401120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peiqing","family":"La","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3301-644X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingbo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-021-06034-6","article-title":"A review of thermoplastic polymer foams for functional applications","volume":"56","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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