{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:53:01Z","timestamp":1785433981783,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MUR","award":["Vitality"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Vitality"]}]},{"award":["Vitality"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Vitality"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0341vw408","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The exploitation into new materials of even the smallest scraps of textiles would contribute to their possible success in sectors such as the automotive industry. In this work, alkaline treatment with low sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations was applied to flax and hemp textile residues, aiming to determine the most suitable process conditions as a function of the quality of the treated fibres. Several parameters were considered: the temperature and the concentration of the alkaline solution and the immersion time in the alkaline solution and, eventually, in distilled water during the neutralization phase. Drying tests were carried out under controlled temperature conditions to assess the effects of the various treatment parameters. The effects of the various procedures were elucidated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) to assess crystallinity, atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize surface roughness, and nitrogen absorption\/desorption cycles to determine how microporosity develops with treatment. It is suggested that only the 1.5 wt.\/vol.% treatment produced some worthwhile modifications of the fibres to prepare them for their use in composites, more evidently in flax than in hemp, though care needs to be taken about fibre embrittlement and potential water permeability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19081573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T14:24:58Z","timestamp":1776176698000},"page":"1573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thermal and Morphological Effect of Low-Tenor Alkali Treatment on Flax and Hemp Fibre Scraps: A Parametric Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7190-235X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonila","family":"Xhafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, ChIP Research Center, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Pietracci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, ChIP Research Center, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Giacomantonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, ChIP Research Center, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5981-930X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, ChIP Research Center, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8514-5548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Castorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HP Composites S.p.A., Via del Lampo, sn Zona Industriale Campolungo, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2398-8993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Antonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio. Bioprodotti e Bioprocessi, Ufficio\/Laboratorio Camerino, Dipartimento Sostenibilit\u00e0 dei Sistemi Produttivi e Territoriali, ENEA, Via Gentile III da Varano 7, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Gunnella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, Physics Division, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9601-4703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Mattiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, Geology Division, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano 7, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0046-8810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiano","family":"Fragassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Santulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, Geology Division, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano 7, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review on natural fiber composite material in automotive applications","volume":"18","author":"Naik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eng. 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