{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T11:12:02Z","timestamp":1781089922118,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","award":["20ZR1422700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ZR1422700"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Efficient joining of hard metals to steels is crucial for supporting sustainable manufacturing under emissions strategies to minimize CO2. CoNiCrFeCu high-entropy alloy containing scandium (Sc) was designed as a filler for laser braze-welding of WC-Co and steel. The designed compositions with different Sc levels were melted and cast in a high-vacuum non-consumable arc furnace. The results showed that the as-cast microstructure was a complex mixture of a networked Ni2Si, elongated Cr-Fe-Co solid-solution phase, and Fe-Ni-Co-Cu solid-solution phase. Scandium was shown to have formed compounds with nickel\/cobalt and copper. The TG-DSC analysis confirmed that the melting points of the designed compositions were between 973.7 \u00b0C and 981.5 \u00b0C. The maximum spreading area of the CoNiCrFeCu-0.9Sc composition on AISI 1045 steel was 64.83 mm2, and on the WC-Co cermet it was 78.63 mm2. The interface between the fusion zone and AISI 1045 steel exhibited an epitaxial growth of dendrites from the steel base metal. The interface between WC-Co and the fusion zone exhibited a partial penetration of brazing filler into the Co matrix, forming a metallurgical bonding between the dissimilar materials. Sc, as an alloying element in the filler metal, enhanced the bond formation because it decreased the solidus temperature and increased wetting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19081606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T14:05:36Z","timestamp":1776348336000},"page":"1606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Design of CoNiCrFeCu-xSc High-Entropy Alloy Fillers for Braze-Welding of WC-Co to Steel"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7711-4431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peiquan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Laser Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shicheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Laser Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benben","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Laser Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2411-3846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leijun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.200300567","article-title":"Nanostructured high-entropy alloys with multiple principal elements: Novel alloy design concepts and outcomes","volume":"6","author":"Yeh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. 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