{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:54:25Z","timestamp":1787028865797,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To achieve synergistic, efficient degradation of volatile, harmful gases in asphalt and to scientifically quantify inhibitor dosage, this study proposes a dosage optimization method that integrates nonlinear regression with a multi-response satisfaction function. Focusing on a proprietary composite volatile gas suppressant, we systematically measured the concentration trends of ammonia, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide emitted from three asphalt systems: base asphalt, SBS modified asphalt (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene modified asphalt), and rubber modified asphalt under different suppressant dosages (0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08%, and 0.10%). First, high-precision prediction models (R2 &gt; 0.95) were established using nonlinear regression to relate different inhibitor dosages to corresponding gas concentrations. Based on a satisfaction function, the multi-objective degradation effects were normalized into a comprehensive satisfaction index, and the optimal dosage was then determined. The results indicate: (1) the constructed models can accurately predict the concentrations of volatile harmful gases at various dosages; (2) the predicted optimal blending ratios vary by asphalt type, specifically 0.082% for base asphalt, 0.079% for SBS modified asphalt, and 0.080% for rubber modified asphalt; and (3) at the optimal blending ratios, all four gases achieve high and balanced degradation levels, resulting in the best overall degradation performance. At the same time, road performance tests confirmed that this blending ratio has no significant negative impact on the high-temperature and low-temperature stability or water stability of the asphalt mixture. Compared with traditional single-factor empirical methods, this approach represents a methodological upgrade from qualitative description to quantitative prediction, and from single-objective comparison to multi-objective synergistic optimization, providing data and theoretical support for the precise, efficient, and engineering-applicable use of asphalt volatile gas inhibitors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19091871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:54:07Z","timestamp":1777654447000},"page":"1871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optimization of Dosage for Asphalt Volatile Harmful Gas Inhibitor Using Multi-Response Satisfaction Function and Nonlinear Regression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Zhiye","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Technologies and Systems for Intelligent Construction Equipment, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Highway and Construction Engineering, Yunnan Communications Vocational and Technical College, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jining Jizou Expressway Co., Ltd., Jining 272067, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Pengcheng Road and Bridge Group Co., Ltd., Jining 272499, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dedong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Technologies and Systems for Intelligent Construction Equipment, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9504-2160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Technologies and Systems for Intelligent Construction Equipment, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan Urban Construction Group, Jinan 250031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4828-4850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Riccardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengchen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Technologies and Systems for Intelligent Construction Equipment, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zouwei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Technologies and Systems for Intelligent Construction Equipment, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2025.144087","article-title":"Investigation on the release characteristics and release mechanisms of asphalt fumes","volume":"500","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Constr. 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