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Adsorption isotherms, fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich models, together with FTIR data, demonstrate that both GO and GO-HDTMA are effective adsorbents for DCF. The adsorption is primarily governed by both \u03c0\u2013\u03c0 and van der Waals interactions, leading to saturation of the accessible C sp2 carbon domains at a maximum uptake of 4.2 mmol g\u22121. In contrast, due to its cationic nature, MTP is not removed using GO-HDTMA, while it is effectively adsorbed at about 0.5 mmol g\u22121 for GO via electrostatic attractive forces. SMX is adsorbed by both materials, although its uptake remains limited on GO. The presence of hydrophobic domains in GO-HDTMA enhances SMX adsorption through weak intermolecular interactions. These results highlight the tunability of GO-based hybrid materials and their potential for the selective removal of a large spectrum of emerging pharmaceutical contaminants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19101916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T12:15:07Z","timestamp":1778156107000},"page":"1916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Versatile Graphene Oxide and Its Organo-Modified Analogs for the Removal of Pharmaceutical Compounds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8301-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie","family":"Fragnaud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, ISC-UMR 6226, CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Rennes, 263 Avenue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc, 35700 Rennes, France"},{"name":"Interfaces, Confinement, Mat\u00e9riaux et Nanostructures, ICMN-UMR 7374, CNRS-Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, 3 Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orl\u00e9ans CEDEX 2, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2992-4800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"Hennet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interfaces, Confinement, Mat\u00e9riaux et Nanostructures, ICMN-UMR 7374, CNRS-Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, 3 Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orl\u00e9ans CEDEX 2, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1515-4233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Bourhis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interfaces, Confinement, Mat\u00e9riaux et Nanostructures, ICMN-UMR 7374, CNRS-Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, 3 Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orl\u00e9ans CEDEX 2, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Guillot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interfaces, Confinement, Mat\u00e9riaux et Nanostructures, ICMN-UMR 7374, CNRS-Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, 3 Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orl\u00e9ans CEDEX 2, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Delpeux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interfaces, Confinement, Mat\u00e9riaux et Nanostructures, ICMN-UMR 7374, CNRS-Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, 3 Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orl\u00e9ans CEDEX 2, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0887-651X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interfaces, Confinement, Mat\u00e9riaux et Nanostructures, ICMN-UMR 7374, CNRS-Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, 3 Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orl\u00e9ans CEDEX 2, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Sugahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8152-6826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00e9gis","family":"Gu\u00e9gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interfaces, Confinement, Mat\u00e9riaux et Nanostructures, ICMN-UMR 7374, CNRS-Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, 3 Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orl\u00e9ans CEDEX 2, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10209","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b03393","article-title":"Coupled Organoclay\/Micelle Action for the Adsorption of Diclofenac","volume":"50","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. 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