{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T14:30:19Z","timestamp":1778509819280,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. Technology Research Project","award":["Q2024G019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q2024G019"]}]},{"name":"National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for Key New Material Research and Development and Application","award":["2025ZD0610902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZD0610902"]}]},{"name":"China Tianjin Province Scientific Research Project","award":["24ZYCGYS00800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24ZYCGYS00800"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In high-speed train traction power supply systems, compensation ropes serve as critical transmission components to ensure system stability. These ropes are specially designed as right-hand alternating lay wire ropes. During tension compensation of the contact wire, the compensation rope undergoes repeated bending around the ratchet device, making it susceptible to fatigue fracture. This study conducted bending fatigue tests on compensation ropes with complete structural configurations in accordance with GB\/T 12347-2008. The stress distribution and deformation evolution induced by bending were simulated using the finite element method, enabling fatigue life prediction under cyclic bending conditions. Given the significant convergence difficulties encountered in large-deformation bending simulations of the full structural model, this study innovatively adopts Love\u2019s elastic thin-rod theory as an alternative approach, which avoids the computational prohibitions of full-scale helical modeling while preserving critical bending stiffness characteristics. The results demonstrate that the equivalent elastic modulus derived from Love\u2019s elastic thin-rod theory closely matches the modulus obtained through stress\u2013strain curve fitting from strand tensile tests. Furthermore, under identical axial tensile loads, the equivalent diameter model and the full-structure finite element model exhibit nearly identical end elongations. The predicted bending fatigue life using the equivalent diameter model agrees well with experimental results, and the fatigue fracture mechanisms are further revealed through microscopic morphology analysis, collectively confirming that the proposed equivalent modeling strategy provides an efficient and reliable solution for fatigue life prediction of complex wire rope structures under coupled tension\u2013bending conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19101983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T13:10:42Z","timestamp":1778505042000},"page":"1983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Numerical Simulations and Bending Fatigue Experiments of Compensation Ropes Adopted in Highspeed Railway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2359-1344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Standards & Metrology Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingyuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Standards & Metrology Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Standards & Metrology Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiyue","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiguo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"766","article-title":"Calculation on stresses in wire ropes","volume":"26","author":"Hruska","year":"1951","journal-title":"Wire Prod."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"459","article-title":"Radial forces in wire ropes","volume":"27","author":"Hruska","year":"1952","journal-title":"Wire Prod."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"455","article-title":"Tangential forces in wire ropes","volume":"28","author":"Hruska","year":"1953","journal-title":"Wire Prod."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Love, A.E.H. 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