{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T13:05:50Z","timestamp":1779195950242,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acrylic resin is widely used in the fabrication of complete dentures, interacting significantly with the intraoral environment. However, complete dentures face challenges such as stability issues and biofilm accumulation. Glaze application is a common method to reduce surface porosity and microbial adhesion, but it also decreases surface wettability, potentially impairing salivary film formation essential for peripheral sealing. This study aimed to incorporate titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles into the glaze applied to thermally activated acrylic resin (TAAR) via spray coating to enhance surface wettability and antifungal activity. Four groups were tested: G (TAAR + commercial glaze \u2212 control); AlG (TAAR + commercial glaze + aluminum oxide \u2212 roughness control); TiG (TAAR + commercial glaze + titanium dioxide); and ZnG (TAAR + commercial glaze + zinc oxide). Evaluations included flexural strength, color and translucency, surface analysis and antibiofilm activity against Candida albicans. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. No statistically significant differences in mechanical strength (MPa) were observed (G: 108.54 \u00b1 8.36; AlG: 113.60 \u00b1 11.95; ZnG: 111.98 \u00b1 9.27; TiG: 113.66 \u00b1 10.41). Surface roughness significantly increased, and contact angle decreased, indicating improved wettability. Regardless of the antifungal activity no improvement was detected (G: 6.71 \u00b1 0.10; AlG: 6.82 \u00b1 0.08; ZnG: 6.72 \u00b1 0.20; TiG: 6.66 \u00b1 0.18). In conclusion, the incorporation of nanoparticles into the glaze improves the wettability of acrylic resin surfaces, potentially enhancing peripheral sealing and denture retention, which is beneficial for patients with reduced alveolar ridge height.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19102130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:53:10Z","timestamp":1779191590000},"page":"2130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incorporation of Nanoparticles in Coatings on Acrylic Resin: Impact on Wettability and Antifungal Action"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1568-1668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana de Freitas Gouveia","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Materials Laboratory, Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos, S\u00e3o Paulo 12245-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lady Daiane Pereira","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos, S\u00e3o Paulo 12220-290, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiago Moreira Bastos","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plasma and Processes Laboratory (LPP), Aeronautics Institute of Technology (ITA), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos, S\u00e3o Paulo 12228-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristiane Yumi","family":"Koga-Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos, S\u00e3o Paulo 12220-290, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilmar Patroc\u00ednio","family":"Thim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plasma and Processes Laboratory (LPP), Aeronautics Institute of Technology (ITA), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos, S\u00e3o Paulo 12228-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8446-0474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarcisio Jos\u00e9 de Arruda","family":"Paes Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Materials Laboratory, Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos, S\u00e3o Paulo 12245-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110319","article-title":"Biofilm formation to inhibition: Role of zinc oxide-based nanoparticles","volume":"108","author":"Patil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. 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