{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:40:35Z","timestamp":1790815235225,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovative Training Program for College Students from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China","award":["202510605024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202510605024"]}]},{"name":"Project for Enhancing Young and Middle-aged Teacher\u2019s Research Basis Ability in Colleges of Guangxi","award":["2025KY0712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025KY0712"]}]},{"name":"Hechi University","award":["2023GCC026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GCC026"]}]},{"award":["2023GCC026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GCC026"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05pjkyk24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Special Project of Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk","award":["2024GXCSSC01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GXCSSC01"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Second-Batch Qingmiao Talent Inclusive Support Policy Research Fund","award":["2025QM001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025QM001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The persistence of petrochemical plastics necessitates high-performance and recyclable alternatives, yet balancing mechanical robustness with component-level closed-loop recovery remains challenging for biomass-based plastic-replacement films. Here, a high-performance, thermo-malleable, and closed-loop recyclable composite film is constructed by integrating a highly crystalline enzyme-treated mulberry paper (Enzyme-MP) fiber network with an in situ formed polyimine (PI) vitrimer network via capillary-assisted infiltration. This process induces densification and extensive interfacial hydrogen bonding, forming a confined interpenetrating architecture that enhances stress transfer and restricts chain mobility. As a result, the composite film achieves a tensile strength of 70.3 MPa and a Young\u2019s modulus of 2.37 GPa, together with excellent thermomechanical stability over a broad temperature range. The dynamic imine exchange enables thermo-malleability, allowing seamless self-welding and thickness-scalable lamination at 120 \u00b0C. The dense structure also acts as an effective barrier, reducing water uptake to 14.3% and providing resistance to various organic solvents. Furthermore, full-component closed-loop recycling is realized via room-temperature transimination, enabling selective depolymerization of the matrix while preserving the crystalline cellulose fiber network. This work demonstrates a viable strategy to integrate high-strength film performance, processability, and chemical recyclability in biomass-based composite films, while providing a basis for future cradle-to-cradle material circulation in recyclable plastic-replacement films.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19112310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:57:18Z","timestamp":1780070238000},"page":"2310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Robust, Thermo-Malleable, and Closed-Loop Recyclable Mulberry Paper\/Polyimine Composite Films Enabled by Dynamic Covalent Interpenetrating Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yisheng","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Intelligent Technology Application, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Guangxi Colleges Universities Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongguang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Intelligent Technology Application, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Guangxi Colleges Universities Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peipei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Intelligent Technology Application, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Guangxi 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