{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:54:06Z","timestamp":1785412446762,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"National Centre for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERA-NET\/MNT\/CARSILA\/1\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERA-NET\/MNT\/CARSILA\/1\/2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["ERA-NET\/MNT\/CARSILA\/1\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERA-NET\/MNT\/CARSILA\/1\/2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05pwfyy15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Silver-doped diamond-like carbon (Ag\u2013DLC) coatings were investigated with respect to their tribological behavior under ambient and physiologically relevant conditions. Gradient Ag\u2013DLC coatings deposited on AISI 316L stainless steel were tested in air, simulated body fluid (SBF), and an albumin-containing solution using a pin-on-disk configuration. Increasing silver content resulted in a systematic reduction in the H3\/E2 ratio, leading to increased coating wear irrespective of the environment. In contrast, friction behavior was strongly controlled by the surrounding medium. Under dry sliding in air, all coatings exhibited similar steady-state friction governed by the DLC matrix. The lowest steady-state friction coefficients were obtained in SBF, indicating that the aqueous ionic environment provided the most favorable friction conditions among the tested media. In the albumin-containing medium, friction also remained low, indicating that protein adsorption and interfacial layer formation modified the sliding conditions, although the CoF did not fall below that observed in SBF. Wear was highest in air and generally lowest in SBF, while tests in albumin promoted surface layer formation. Surface analyses indicated silver redistribution, transfer-layer formation, and the presence of protein-related surface agglomerates, with higher apparent surface coverage on coatings containing more Ag. Overall, the results show that Ag-doped DLC coatings exhibit environment-dependent tribological behavior under physiologically relevant conditions. The present work should be regarded as a tribological study rather than a direct validation of antibacterial performance. Future studies should combine tribological assessment with dedicated antibacterial and cytocompatibility experiments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19112349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:14:57Z","timestamp":1780395297000},"page":"2349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tribological Behavior of Silver-Doped Diamond-like Carbon Coatings in Air and Simulated Biological Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4704-4188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Ko\u0142odziejczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1\/15, 90-537 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6555-7657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian","family":"Batory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vehicles and Fundamentals of Machine Design, Lodz University of Technology, 1\/15 Stefanowskiego St., 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1583-4238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Sobczyk-Guzenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1\/15, 90-537 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3184-4831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka Maria","family":"Ko\u0142odziejczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4738-5847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Witold","family":"Szyma\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1\/15, 90-537 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0257-8972(03)00406-7","article-title":"Friction and wear of DLC films on 304 austenitic stainless steel in corrosive solutions","volume":"174\u2013175","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surf. 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