{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:14:26Z","timestamp":1785428066259,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011789","name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["YDZJ202201ZYTS548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202201ZYTS548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011789","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["YDZJ202201ZYTS548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202201ZYTS548"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/049x38272","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the widespread application of stainless steel rail vehicles, the resistance spot-welding process between stainless steel and low-carbon steel has become one of the key connection processes in vehicle body manufacturing. However, due to the differences in the material physical properties of these two types of steel, problems such as center offset often occur during the welding process. This study adopts the finite element analysis method to systematically analyze the changes in the force field and the temperature field during the welding process after adding a nickel intermediate layer between the two materials, as well as its impact on the physical properties of the joint. The results of the finite element analysis and the physical experiments show that adding a nickel intermediate layer can effectively suppress the center deviation of the weld nugget, optimize the microstructure of the nugget, improve the continuity of the microhardness distribution, and thereby enhance the joint strength of the spot welding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19112425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:10:42Z","timestamp":1780668642000},"page":"2425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-Field Coupling Analysis of Resistance Spot Welding of SUS301L\/Q235B Dissimilar Steel Based on Nickel Intermediate Layer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xiaoqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengxian","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongliang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Assurance Department, CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jankauskas, V., \u017dunda, A., Katinas, A., and Tu\u010dkut\u0117, S. 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