{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:47:37Z","timestamp":1791924457010,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009534","name":"University of Stuttgart","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009534","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04vnq7t77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["495153105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["495153105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INST 41\/887-1-FUGG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INST 41\/887-1-FUGG"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["495153105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["495153105"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/018mejw64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["INST 41\/887-1-FUGG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INST 41\/887-1-FUGG"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/018mejw64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>M-type hexaferrites are widely used in magnetic applications, and tailoring their properties via aliovalent substitution requires a detailed understanding of charge compensation and cation distribution. In this work, Mg2+\/M4+ (M = Zr, Hf) co-substituted BaFe12O19 was synthesized via Na2CO3 flux and comprehensively characterized by wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement, X-ray absorption near-edge structure, and magnetic measurements. Increasing substitution levels x, y in BaFe12\u2212x\u2212yMgxMyO19 result in increasing lattice parameters and decreasing the room-temperature magnetic parameters saturation magnetization, remanence, and coercivity, while remanence and coercivity increase at low temperatures. Secondary phases form for nominal substitution \u2265 1. Zr4+ and Hf4+ preferentially occupy the 4f2 site, whereas Mg2+ is distributed over multiple sites, as indicated by polyhedral volume analysis. Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirms homogeneous elemental distribution within individual crystals but reveals significant variation in substitution levels within batches. The maximum degree of substitution for the tetravalent metals was y \u2248 1.2\u20131.7, with lower Mg incorporation of x \u2248 0.9\u20131.1. Charge compensation was found to be partially achieved via vacancy formation, while minor Fe2+ contributions cannot be excluded.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19122626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T08:59:38Z","timestamp":1781773178000},"page":"2626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Co-Substituted M-Type Ferrites BaFe12\u2212x\u2212yMgxMyO19 with M = Zr, Hf"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yanina Mariella","family":"Dreer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Shestov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3215-3461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deven P.","family":"Estes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2633-7109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer","family":"Niewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2012.04.001","article-title":"Hexagonal ferrites: A review of the synthesis, properties and applications of hexaferrite ceramics","volume":"57","author":"Pullar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. 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