{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:13:10Z","timestamp":1788185590088,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020719","name":"Sanming University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["25YG06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25YG06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020719","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020719","name":"Sanming University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SHE2413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHE2413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020719","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["25YG06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25YG06"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/044pany34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["SHE2413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHE2413"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/044pany34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Educational Research Project for Middle-aged and Yong Teachers in Fujian Province","award":["JAT241130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JAT241130"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025J011051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025J011051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026J0011112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026J0011112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"STS Project","award":["2023T3062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023T3062"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to enhance the contact fatigue performance of the Cr12Mo1V1 die steel component, the ultrasonic impact surface-modification process was introduced into the heat treatment process of 1060 \u00b0C quenching + cryogenic treatment (\u2212150 \u00b0C \u00d7 2 h) + two times of tempering at 520 \u00b0C \u00d7 2 h in this paper. The influence of the ultrasonic impact number on the surface morphology, roughness, micro-hardness value, residual stress, microscopic morphology of spalling pits, contact fatigue life, and EBSD inverse pole figure of the Cr12Mo1V1 die steel component were investigated utilizing a laser confocal microscope, 3D laser confocal microscope, micro-hardness tester, X-ray stress meter, scanning electron microscope, rolling contact fatigue testing machine, and EDAX-TSL system equipped with a field-emission scanning electron microscope, respectively. In comparison to other ultrasonic impact numbers, the Cr12Mo1V1 die steel component owned the smallest roughness of 0.027 \u03bcm, the highest micro-hardness value of 867 Hv0.1 and the largest residual compressive stress of \u22121318 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, the contact fatigue life of the Cr12Mo1V1 die steel component was significantly improved by 223% to 5.231 \u00d7 107 cycles. After ultrasonic impact treatment, the spalling pits revealed that the crack propagation angle increased from 28\u00b0 to 34\u00b0, the depth increased from 153 \u03bcm to 175 \u03bcm, and the failure mode consisted of Hertz\u2019s contact theory. This study provides an effective surface strengthening solution for enhancing the contact fatigue performance of Cr12Mo1V1 die steel components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19143011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T09:51:09Z","timestamp":1783936269000},"page":"3011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Influence of Ultrasonic Impact Number on the Contact Fatigue Performance of Cr12Mo1V1 Die Steel Component"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qirong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyu","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Design, Sanming Medical and Polytechnic Vocational College, Sanming 365000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfatigue.2023.107511","article-title":"Rolling-sliding contact fatigue failure and associated evolutions of microstructure, crystallographic orientation and residual stress of AISI 9310 gear steel","volume":"170","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. 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