{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:32:59Z","timestamp":1785407579197,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009329","name":"Scientific Research and Technology Development Program of Guangxi","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GuikeAB23026043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GuikeAB23026043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["52274272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52274272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["52274272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52274272"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The co-contamination of manganese ions (Mn2+) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+) caused by the stockpiling of manganese residue poses a serious threat to the ecological environment. In this study, a series of the composite was prepared from red mud, bentonite, and corn straw via oxygen-limited pyrolysis. The effects of pyrolysis temperature and raw material ratio on the material properties were investigated, and the synergistic remediation performance of the composites for Mn2+ and NH4+ in manganese residue-contaminated soil was evaluated through a 180-day soil column experiment. The results showed that the composite prepared with a raw material ratio of 1:1:1 at a pyrolysis temperature of 700 \u00b0C exhibited the largest specific surface area and the most developed pore structure, achieving a Mn2+ removal rate of 92.72% \u00b1 0.85% in aqueous solution. In the soil column experiment, the material prepared at 700 \u00b0C gave the highest immobilization rate for soil Mn2+ (96.22% \u00b1 0.5%), whereas the combined addition of materials prepared at 700 \u00b0C and 500 \u00b0C achieved the best removal efficiency for NH4+ (99.33% \u00b1 0.23%). Mechanistic studies revealed that the stabilization of Mn2+ is primarily attributable to alkaline precipitation and mineral lattice solid solution induced by the composite, leading to the formation of stable spinel phases (e.g., (Fe,Mn)3O4) and insoluble manganese phosphate-carbonate salts. The removal of NH4+ is proposed to proceed via adsorptive enrichment by the porous structure and Fe0-mediated Fenton-like catalytic oxidation, ultimately converting NH4+ to N2 gas. The 180-day monitoring results demonstrated that the remediation effect continuously increased over time, indicating good long-term stability of the composite. This study provides an efficient, low-cost functional material derived from solid waste for the remediation of manganese residue-contaminated soil and offers a theoretical basis for the synergistic resource utilization of multiple solid wastes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19143076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T09:00:52Z","timestamp":1784278852000},"page":"3076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Waste Control by Waste: Red Mud-Based Porous Carbothermal Composite for Efficient Remediation of Manganese and Ammonia Nitrogen in Contaminated Soil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Metallurgy in Producing Premium Non-Ferrous Metals, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"},{"name":"GRINM Resources and Environment Tech. Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Strategic Nonferrous Metals Green Manufacturing Technology, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Metallurgy in Producing Premium Non-Ferrous Metals, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"},{"name":"GRINM Resources and Environment Tech. Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Strategic Nonferrous Metals Green Manufacturing Technology, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Metallurgy in Producing Premium Non-Ferrous Metals, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"},{"name":"GRINM Resources and Environment Tech. Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Strategic Nonferrous Metals Green Manufacturing Technology, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Metallurgy in Producing Premium Non-Ferrous Metals, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"},{"name":"GRINM Resources and Environment Tech. Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Strategic Nonferrous Metals Green Manufacturing Technology, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meilin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Metallurgy in Producing Premium Non-Ferrous Metals, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"},{"name":"GRINM Resources and Environment Tech. Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Strategic Nonferrous Metals Green Manufacturing Technology, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingchun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Metallurgy in Producing Premium Non-Ferrous Metals, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"},{"name":"GRINM Resources and Environment Tech. Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Strategic Nonferrous Metals Green Manufacturing Technology, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China"},{"name":"General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126896","article-title":"An innovative method for manganese (Mn2+) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) stabilization\/solidification in electrolytic manganese residue by basic burning raw material","volume":"253","author":"Shu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125308","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/ac4329","article-title":"Study on the leaching toxicity and performance of manganese slag-based cementitious materials","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. 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