{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:26:28Z","timestamp":1786123588107,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dongfang Turbine Co., Ltd.","award":["H20251564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H20251564"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ultra-supercritical (USC) steam turbines combine severe steam conditions with increasingly frequent start-up, shutdown, and load-following operations. Their main steam valves must preserve pressure boundary integrity, sealing, and rapid actuation while non-uniform heating, creep, cyclic plasticity, oxidation, wear, and contact redistribution alter component geometry. However, the relevant evidence remains fragmented across alloy development, component thermo-mechanics, valve aerodynamics, and lifetime monitoring. This short, mechanism-oriented review integrates these domains through a material structure\u2013function framework in which deformation relative to assembly clearance governs jamming risk. It synthesizes evidence on heat-resistant body and surface materials, 9\u201312% Cr steel stability, weldability and repair sensitivity, and cold, warm, and hot start-up histories. It also evaluates creep\u2013fatigue interaction, contact, flow-induced vibration, multi-physics modeling, validation, uncertainty, monitoring, and digital twins. The synthesis shows that neither peak equivalent stress nor steady-state temperature alone can establish functional reliability. Credible assessment requires temperature-dependent material data, realistic steam-side heat transfer, cyclic constitutive behavior, initial and residual clearances, manufacturing and assembly tolerances, state-dependent friction, uncertainty analysis, and corroborating plant or inspection evidence. The most consequential research needs are valve-level validation datasets, thermal contact testing, function-oriented life criteria, and uncertainty-aware digital twins that jointly inform materials, geometry, and transient operation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19163370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:00:43Z","timestamp":1786118443000},"page":"3370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thermo-Mechanical Deformation, Jamming Risk and Life Management of Main Steam Valves in Ultra-Supercritical Steam Turbines: A Short Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Energy Group Jiaozuo Power Plant Co., Ltd., Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guozheng","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Advanced Mold Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongfang Turbine Co., Ltd., Dongfang Electric Corporation, No. 666 Jinshajiang West Road, High-Tech Industrial Park, Jingyang District, Deyang 618000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yabing","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Energy Group Jiaozuo Power Plant Co., Ltd., Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongfang Turbine Co., Ltd., Dongfang Electric Corporation, No. 666 Jinshajiang West Road, High-Tech Industrial Park, Jingyang District, Deyang 618000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yawei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongfang Turbine Co., Ltd., Dongfang Electric Corporation, No. 666 Jinshajiang West Road, High-Tech Industrial Park, Jingyang District, Deyang 618000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Energy Group Jiaozuo Power Plant Co., Ltd., Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanqiu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Energy Group Jiaozuo Power Plant Co., Ltd., Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyu","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongfang Turbine Co., Ltd., Dongfang Electric Corporation, No. 666 Jinshajiang West Road, High-Tech Industrial Park, Jingyang District, Deyang 618000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daojun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongfang Turbine Co., Ltd., Dongfang Electric Corporation, No. 666 Jinshajiang West Road, High-Tech Industrial Park, Jingyang District, Deyang 618000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Energy Group Jiaozuo Power Plant Co., Ltd., Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Advanced Mold Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Energy Agency (2021). 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