{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:31:17Z","timestamp":1786509077584,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["52368036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52368036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["52368036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52368036"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004763","name":"Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025LHMS05008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025LHMS05008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004763","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Program","award":["2025YFHH0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YFHH0016"]}]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Program","award":["2025YFHH0023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YFHH0023"]}]},{"name":"Huaneng Group Science and Technology Project","award":["HNKJ24-H117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNKJ24-H117"]}]},{"name":"The Youth Leading Program of the \u201cGrassland Talent\u201d Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["QNLJ012008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNLJ012008"]}]},{"name":"\u201cChallenge and Response\u201d Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["2024JBGS0017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JBGS0017"]}]},{"name":"Graduate Research and Innovation Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["KC2025045B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KC2025045B"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Project of Ordos City","award":["YF20232358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YF20232358"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the continuous expansion of grouting material applications, solid waste to prepare grouting materials can effectively mitigate the environmental issues caused by waste accumulation. In this work, an all-solid-waste grouting material (ASWGM) was prepared with silica fume, coal gangue, desulphurization gypsum, fly ash, steel slag and carbide slag. The impact of water\u2013cement ratio (W\/C), environmental temperature, silica fume content, and hydration time on the fluidity of grouting materials was systematically analyzed. The chemical substances of such ASWGM were investigated by performing XRD and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements, while its fluidity was comprehensively evaluated by conducting apparent viscosity, yield stress, fluidity, and thixotropy tests. Based on our analysis, the optimal silica fume content was determined to be 5%, and 20 \u00b0C identified as the optimal environmental temperature. Under the preferred performing combination within the tested scope, the yield stress of the materials was 126.4 Pa. The incorporation of silica fume would decrease the early strength of the materials. The strength greatly increased in the late phase as the hydration continued. The strength exceeded 50 MPa at 12 h and 80 MPa at 28 d. Not only can the use of all-solid waste effectively solve the environmental pollution caused by solid waste stacking and facilitate green development, but also obtain grouting materials with satisfying fluidity and mechanical properties through design optimization. The research results can serve as a reference for guiding engineering practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19163396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:10:24Z","timestamp":1786374624000},"page":"3396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rheological Optimization and Strength Development of Silica Fume-Modified All-Solid-Waste Grouting Material"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Aeronautics, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China"},{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Ordos Institute of Technology, Ordos 017010, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changwang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Aeronautics, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Green Development for Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center for Eco-Building Materials and Fabricated Structure, Hohhot 010051, China"},{"name":"School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changan","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architectural Engineering, Hulunbuir University, Hulunbuir 021008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hulunbuir City Transportation Bureau Comprehensive Security Center, Hulunbuir 021008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangdong","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaneng Urad Middle Banner New Energy Power Generation Co., Ltd., Bayannur 015000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengwei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaneng Urad Middle Banner New Energy Power Generation Co., Ltd., Bayannur 015000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.125464","article-title":"Performance study and engineering application of grouting materials with a large content of solid waste","volume":"312","author":"Shu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr. 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