{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T04:26:27Z","timestamp":1787199987517,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62375028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62375028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["62375028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62375028"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Yb3+-containing glasses and glass-ceramics are attractive photonic materials because Yb3+ can act simultaneously as a near-infrared absorber, an energy-transfer sensitizer, a luminescent center, and a composition-dependent modifier of glass structure and crystallization. This brief review focuses on crystallization from parent glasses to glass-ceramics and examines glass-network chemistry, local Yb3+ coordination, phase separation, viscosity, heating rate, treatment temperature, holding time control nucleation, crystal growth, phase selection, rare-earth partitioning, transparency, and optical performance. Representative oxyfluoride, phosphate, oxyapatite, borosilicate, and aluminosilicate systems are compared using thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, and optical spectroscopy. The available data show that Yb2O3 or YbF3 does not have a universal effect on crystallization: low concentrations can promote fluoride-rich clustering or lower the apparent crystallization barrier, whereas higher concentrations can increase packing density, stabilize the residual glass, change the competitive phase assemblage, or suppress crystallization. Crystallization-enhanced luminescence is most consistently obtained when Yb3+ and the activator partition into low-phonon-energy nanocrystals while crystal size and refractive-index mismatch remain sufficiently small to preserve transparency. This review also identifies major reporting gaps, including limited quantification of crystalline fraction, partition coefficients, luminescence lifetime, quantum efficiency, and long-term thermal stability. Practical design guidelines and unresolved questions are proposed to support the rational development of transparent Yb3+-containing glass-ceramics for lasers, sensing, optical amplification, and related photonic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19163476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:42:17Z","timestamp":1786974137000},"page":"3476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Crystallization Mechanisms and Optical Properties of Yb3+-Containing Glasses and Glass-Ceramics: A Brief Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xuebin","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Technology, Changshu 215500, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xifeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Technology, Changshu 215500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiju","family":"Tsuboi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intermet.2004.04.037","article-title":"Competing microstructure and crystalline phase formation and their roles in glass formability: A molecular dynamics study","volume":"12","author":"Jalali","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intermetallics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00f6land, W., and Beall, G.H. 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