{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:42:28Z","timestamp":1787568148196,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology","award":["24TS1415600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24TS1415600"]}]},{"award":["24TS1415600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24TS1415600"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kt66j61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ce3+-activated Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce scintillation ceramics have been widely studied due to their excellent scintillation properties. However, the relatively long radiative lifetime and slow decay components limit their applications in X-ray imaging. To address these issues, Lu3+ ions were introduced to partially substitute Gd3+ ions, thereby weakening the role of self-trapped states in the excitation process of Ce3+ and reducing the negative effects caused by shallow electron traps. As a result, the scintillation decay time was, overall, shortened, and an average decay time of 63 ns was obtained when x = 0.997. Meanwhile, the afterglow behavior induced by shallow electron traps was significantly suppressed (for the sample with x = 0.5, the afterglow intensity was measured to be approximately 0.48% of the initial intensity at 100 ms after the X-ray excitation was turned off). Meanwhile, an X-ray imaging spatial resolution comparable to that of commercial CsI:Tl (10 lp mm\u22121) was achieved for the (Gd,Lu)3Ga2Al3O12:Ce3+ scintillation ceramics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19173574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:07:53Z","timestamp":1787566073000},"page":"3574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lu3+ Substituted Gd3Ga2Al3O12:Ce Ceramics for Improved X-Ray Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yuetong","family":"Zhen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5943-2583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchong","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research & Development Center of Materials and Equipment, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No. 26 Research Institute, Chongqing 400060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research & Development Center of Materials and Equipment, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No. 26 Research Institute, Chongqing 400060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianren","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0451-1","article-title":"All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystal scintillators","volume":"561","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46287-8","article-title":"Water-dispersible X-ray scintillators enabling coating and blending with polymer materials for multiple applications","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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