{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:18:47Z","timestamp":1788585527374,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key R&D Program of Henan Province","award":["261111232400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["261111232400"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["51679092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51679092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["52179132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52179132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["52378237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52378237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["52479124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52479124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["51679092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51679092"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["52179132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52179132"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["52378237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52378237"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["52479124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52479124"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006407","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["252300421337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252300421337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006407","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["252300421923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252300421923"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Henan Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["232300421016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232300421016"]}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Key Young Teachers Training Program","award":["2021GGJS074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GGJS074"]}]},{"name":"Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in University of Henan Province of China","award":["24IRTSTHN010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24IRTSTHN010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coral aggregate seawater concrete (CASC) capitalizes on locally sourced aggregates in marine and reef engineering, enabling in situ material utilization and conferring marked benefits in curbing conventional resource consumption and construction expenditures\u2014a combination that underpins its considerable promise for reef infrastructure development. To date, research efforts have largely been confined to macroscopic mechanical characterization and qualitative microstructural inspections, and quantitative assessments of mesoscopic damage evolution across the full loading-to-failure process remain relatively scarce. In response, to quantitatively characterize the mesoscopic damage evolution mechanism of CASC with different natural aggregates, the present study draws upon statistical damage theory and incorporates uniaxial compressive stress\u2013strain responses from CASC mixtures formulated with four replacement ratios (0%, 33%, 67%, and 100%) of natural coarse and fine aggregates, thereby establishing a statistical damage constitutive model. The model is intentionally structured to decipher the intricate interplay that translates progressive mesoscopic deterioration into the eventual macroscopic mechanical signature, rather than merely describing phenomenological curves. The outcomes reveal favorable concordance between model-generated predictions and experimental measurements. Introducing natural aggregates appreciably modulates the cumulative damage trajectory at the mesoscale; with rising replacement ratios, the macroscopic mechanical performance of CASC is systematically fortified, concomitant with orderly shifts in characteristic damage indices (\u03b5a, \u03b5b, \u03b5h and H). Specifically, when the replacement ratio of natural fine aggregate is fixed at 0%, as the replacement ratio of natural coarse aggregate increases from 0% to 100%, the values of \u03b5a, \u03b5b, \u03b5h, and H increase by 35.8%, 36.9%, 32.2%, and 66.5%, respectively. Additionally, both the fracture damage variable DR and the integrated transverse strain area derived from digital image correlation (DIC) exhibit monotonic ascending trends as loading advances. Collectively, these contributions offer a theoretical foundation for performance optimization and a deeper mechanistic understanding of damage behavior in CASC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19173753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:21:21Z","timestamp":1788452481000},"page":"3753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study on the Meso-Statistical Damage Constitutive Model of Coral Aggregate Seawater Concrete Incorporating Natural Aggregate Replacement Ratio Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Settlements, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Fuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Weifeng","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2709-6527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junfeng","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3992-5460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Laolan Reservoir Resettlement Service Center, Yantai 264003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Architectural Design and Research Co., Ltd., Yantai 264003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yajun","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Settlements, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"104323","article-title":"Measurement and spatio-temporal evolution analysis of high-quality development level in China\u2019s marine economy","volume":"89","author":"Sha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2022.105229","article-title":"China\u2019s ocean culture and consciousness: Constructing a maritime great power narrative","volume":"144","author":"Mallory","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mar. Policy"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.202","article-title":"The development of coral concretes and their upgrading technologies: A critical review","volume":"187","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.125652","article-title":"Mechanical behavior and durability of coral aggregate concrete and bonding performance with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars: A critical review","volume":"289","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130572","article-title":"Preparation technology, mechanical properties and durability of coral aggregate seawater concrete in the island-reef environment","volume":"339","author":"Da","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"307","article-title":"Damage and deterioration characteristics of coral aggregate sea water concrete under elevated temperatures","volume":"5","author":"Guo","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.105894","article-title":"Durability of seawater coral aggregate concrete under seawater immersion and dry-wet cycles","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110498","article-title":"Experimental and numerical investigations on the mechanical properties of coral aggregate seawater concrete","volume":"310","author":"Da","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng. Fract. Mech."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.032","article-title":"Mechanical properties of coral concrete subjected to uniaxial dynamic compression","volume":"199","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.064","article-title":"Experimental investigation of whole stress-strain curves of coral concrete","volume":"122","author":"Da","year":"2016","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2022.105478","article-title":"Physical and mechanical properties of coral aggregates in the South China Sea","volume":"63","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.134666","article-title":"Cl-dissolution and mechanical properties of PVA, CSA modified coral sand","volume":"411","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2025.143843","article-title":"The compressive behavior of PVA fiber reinforced coral aggregate concrete under high-strain rate loading","volume":"497","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2026.146771","article-title":"Selective defect regulation and structural connectivity optimization in ultra-high-performance geopolymer coral concrete: Strength, durability, and low-carbon benefits","volume":"533","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2024.109826","article-title":"Analysis of microstructure and compressive properties of full coral concrete under fiber reinforcement","volume":"93","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.138368","article-title":"Performance assessment of fiber-reinforced coral aggregate-based lightweight foam concrete for sustainable marine construction","volume":"449","author":"Bayraktar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"e00865","article-title":"Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced coral concrete","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.121780","article-title":"A gentle acid-wash and pre-coating treatment of coral aggregate to manufacture high-strength geopolymer concrete","volume":"274","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2021.109382","article-title":"Enhancing the performance of basic magnesium sulfate cement-based coral aggregate concrete through gradient composite design technology","volume":"227","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.136243","article-title":"Performance enhancement of coral aggregate concrete through pre-coating coral aggregate with cement-metakaolin-coral powder ternary slurry","volume":"427","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"e03716","article-title":"Experimental and simulation analysis of RCA and para-wood ash as partial substitutes for NCA and cement in recycled aggregate concrete","volume":"21","author":"Chompoorat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.127709","article-title":"Optimization of mix proportion of basic magnesium sulfate cement-based high-strength coral concrete","volume":"341","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"e01060","article-title":"Experimental study on impact performance of seawater sea-sand concrete with recycled aggregates","volume":"41","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"e02095","article-title":"Mechanical properties of modified coral aggregate seawater sea-sand concrete: Experimental study and constitutive model","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s43452-024-01076-4","article-title":"Failure criterion and compressive constitutive model of seawater concrete incorporating coral aggregate subjected to biaxial loading","volume":"25","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2025.112756","article-title":"Experimental insights into the mechanical properties and constitutive models of coral aggregate seawater concrete mixed with natural aggregates","volume":"107","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2026.116510","article-title":"Damage evolution and fracture characteristics in high performance concrete during failure: The influence of coral powder content","volume":"128","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.015","article-title":"Effect of mix component on the mechanical properties of coral concrete under axial compression","volume":"223","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2024.117439","article-title":"Revealing the failure mechanism of high strength seawater coral aggregate reinforced concrete slabs based on acoustic emission technology: Parameter analysis and DBN-BPNN classification","volume":"303","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tafmec.2022.103663","article-title":"Evolution law of crack propagation and crack mode in coral aggregate concrete under compression: Experimental study and 3D mesoscopic analysis","volume":"122","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2025.108907","article-title":"Mechanical behavior of coral concrete-filled aluminum alloy square tube columns subjected to eccentric loading","volume":"76","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Structures"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"e05795","article-title":"Dynamic behavior and energy dissipation mechanisms of coral aggregate concrete under high strain rate impact loading","volume":"24","author":"Tian","year":"2026","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.130153","article-title":"Deterioration analysis of seawater and coral sand concrete in simulated marine environment based on CT technique","volume":"365","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"217","article-title":"On Rock and Concrete Discrete-Contact-Fracture Analysis","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Rock Mech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"286","article-title":"Statistical Mesoscopic Mechanics of Solids\u2014Spatiotemporal Scale Connecting Multiple Couplings","volume":"36","author":"Bai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Mech."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7683(82)90039-7","article-title":"Statistical aspects of the continuous damage theory","volume":"18","author":"Krajcinovic","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int. J. Solids Struct."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, W., Li, W., Guan, J., Wang, J., and Yuan, C. (2020). Research on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete under uniaxial compression based on the statistical damage model. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13173765"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.128758","article-title":"Experimental study on uniaxial compression mechanical properties of recycled concrete with silica fume considering the effect of curing age","volume":"350","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1177\/10567895221095610","article-title":"Compressive stress-strain relationships of concrete exposed to elevated temperatures based on mesoscopic damage method","volume":"31","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Damage Mech."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2022.103444","article-title":"Study on compressive mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete with silica fume at different strain rates","volume":"31","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.130872","article-title":"Study on mechanical properties and damage mechanism of recycled concrete containing silica fume in freeze\u2013thaw environment","volume":"375","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, C., Li, C., Huang, H., Bai, W., and Xie, Y. (2023). Numerical simulation study on the constitutive model of fully-graded concrete based on statistical damage theory. Buildings, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings13102412"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dibe.2024.100332","article-title":"Study on mechanical properties and mesoscopic damage mechanism of metakaolin modified recycled aggregate concrete","volume":"17","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dev. Built Environ."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"670","article-title":"Study on physical model of complete failure process of quasi-brittle materials in tension","volume":"26","author":"Bai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao\/Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"607","article-title":"Orthotropic statistical damage constitutive model for concrete","volume":"45","author":"Bai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Eng."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Van Geel, H.J.G.M. (1998). Concrete Behaviour in Multiaxial Compression: Experimental Research. [Ph.D. Dissertation, Eindhoven University of Technology]."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.103979","article-title":"Electrical properties of smart ultra-high performance concrete under various temperatures, humidities, and age of concrete","volume":"118","author":"Le","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.107452","article-title":"Mechanical and microstructural properties of MK-FA-GGBFS-based self-compacting geopolymer concrete composites","volume":"77","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.197","article-title":"Self-stress sensing smart concrete containing fine steel slag aggregates and steel fibers under high compressive stress","volume":"220","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2020.111925","article-title":"Effects of steel slag aggregate size and content on piezoresistive responses of smart ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concretes","volume":"305","author":"LE","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2004.09.020","article-title":"Mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete under uniaxial loading","volume":"35","author":"Xiao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/19\/17\/3753\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:03:20Z","timestamp":1788584600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/19\/17\/3753"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ma19173753"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma19173753","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]}}}