{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T05:10:46Z","timestamp":1788844246010,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2024ZD1003905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZD1003905"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U24A2087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A2087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["52574155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52574155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["U24A2087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A2087"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["52574155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52574155"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024A1515011952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1515011952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010877","name":"Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20231120174839003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20231120174839003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porosity measures how much material is removed but not how defects interrupt load-bearing paths. We develop a human-constrained, AI-assisted workflow to identify compact topology\u2013degradation relations in a controlled bonded-particle system with 10,040 specimens spanning five pure families and mixtures. Investigators defined the descriptor grammar, admissible information, physical prior, model size, and approval rules; language models proposed and critiqued descriptor concepts; authors curated and implemented the 127-channel bench; deterministic TRAIN-only code selected terms and fitted the ordinary-least-squares relations. On the reused, non-independent reporting benchmark, the six-descriptor representations produced higher scores than the evaluated three-dimensional convolutional network under the matched protocol. Applied without reselection or refitting to 900 porous specimens from three post-freeze packing realizations, the relations achieved prospective numerical R2=0.516 for strength-decay rate and 0.735 for modulus-decay rate, with greater family heterogeneity for strength. Across families, modulus-decay rate was predicted more consistently than strength-decay rate. Together with the exact contrast k=kE+\u0394k, this predictive asymmetry motivates, but does not establish, a two-stage failure hypothesis. The exponential form remains a compact empirical parameterization rather than an established physical law. All evidence is numerical and confined to the tested YADE\/JCFpm setting; validation across numerical configurations and experimental systems remains necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19173756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:21:21Z","timestamp":1788452481000},"page":"3756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Human-Constrained AI-Assisted Identification of Defect-Topology Relations for Mechanical Degradation in Porous Solids: A Discrete-Element Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1778-9724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Deep Earth Sciences and Green Energy, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Deep Earth Sciences and Green Energy, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Heping","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Deep Earth Sciences and Green Energy, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1088\/0370-1301\/63\/1\/302","article-title":"The Elastic Constants of a Solid Containing Spherical Holes","volume":"63","author":"Mackenzie","year":"1950","journal-title":"Proc. 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