{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:10:42Z","timestamp":1788876642907,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51878193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51878193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["51878193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51878193"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To quantitatively evaluate the skeleton design of the MaFF method, this study addresses five dimensions: gradation control, test method, quantitative model, correction conversion, and design method. First, the deviation coefficient method is proposed based on the Talbot method. Unlike conventional design restricted to n = 0.3\u20130.7, this method takes the maximum density curve at n = 0.45 as the reference and enables flexible adjustment of Vag by controlling the 4.75 mm sieve passing rate. This provides a theoretical basis for discontinuous gradation design. Second, the wet mixing test is developed to overcome aggregate segregation and inadequate lubrication inherent in the dry tamping method, offering a new detection approach that better reflects the actual skeleton structure in the mixture. The optimum parameters were determined as 2% asphalt content, layered loading, one-sided tamping and 75 blows. Using 11 gradations, the wet mixing tests show that Vag increases from 24.13% to 38.29% as \u03bb increases from 0 to 1.0, with a strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.996). CT scanning validation indicates that the wet method results are 83\u201386% of those from 3D reconstruction, yielding a recommended reduction coefficient of 0.84. These findings systematically refine the MaFF method into a complete skeleton design framework. For the specific material system investigated (diabase aggregate, ultra-high-viscosity asphalt, maximum nominal particle size of 13.2 mm), this study provides a preliminary technical reference for FMA mix design. However, broader validation across diverse materials and field conditions is required before generalization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19183821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:46:33Z","timestamp":1788875193000},"page":"3821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study on the Mix Design of Mastic Flow for Filling Based on Deviation Coefficient Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yuekai","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yuexiu Transport Infrastructure Limited, Guangzhou 510030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yuexiu Transport Infrastructure Limited, Guangzhou 510030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuanghuai","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changkang","family":"Lao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.134767","article-title":"Hydro-Mechanical Analysis of Water-Induced Pothole Patch Failure in Asphalt Pavement","volume":"413","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Constr. 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