{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T10:10:21Z","timestamp":1789035021618,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>When a thermal power unit operates under deep peak shaving and variable load conditions, the heat-resistant materials of the boiler\u2019s heat exchange surfaces will suffer accelerated fatigue damage due to frequent thermal shocks. To grasp the evolution law of thermal shock damage in high-temperature heat-resistant steel for the key equipment of thermal power units, based on the 12Cr1MoVG heat-resistant steel, a plastic strain simulation analysis was conducted. Through numerical simulation, the coupling relationship among thermal shock duration, thermal stress evolution, equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ) accumulation, damage penetration depth, and fatigue life was investigated. The results show that extending the duration of thermal shock will increase the thermal stress of the material, causing the failure depth to increase from 2.24 mm to 2.6 mm, and the accumulation rate of PEEQ at different depths of the material to accelerate, with the theoretical life decreasing from 1.82 \u00d7 105 cycles to 1.72 \u00d7 105 cycles. Extending the duration of low-temperature exposure will reduce the thermal stress of the material, causing the failure depth to decrease from 2.24 mm to 2.03 mm, and the accumulation rate of PEEQ at different depths of the material to slow down, with the theoretical life increasing from 1.81 \u00d7 105 cycles to 1.94 \u00d7 105 cycles. The research results can provide reference for fatigue damage and life assessment of the high-temperature and high-pressure materials used in key equipment of thermal power.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19183849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T09:13:03Z","timestamp":1789031583000},"page":"3849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research on Damage Evolution Laws and Life Prediction of 12Cr1MoVG Heat-Resistant Steel Under Different Thermal Shock Cycles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yanmiao","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Provincial Institute of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspection Technology and Science, Zhengzhou 450016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy and Power Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Weihui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy and Power Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xinwei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy and Power Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Weishu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy and Power Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1360\/CSB-2025-5647","article-title":"Research progress on energy-saving methods for coal-fired power systems in the new power system","volume":"71","author":"Yan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsep.2024.103004","article-title":"A review on flexible peak shaving development of coal-fired boilers in China under the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals","volume":"55","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, X., Zhao, G., Zhang, Z., Feng, D., Wang, Y., and Zhang, Z. (2023). A real-time calculation method to improve boiler safety in deep peak shaving cases. Energies, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/en16134928"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"38","article-title":"Analysis and discussion on high-cycle thermal fatigue of reactor primary loop pressure-bearing pipelines in pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants","volume":"42","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Press. Vessel Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"119","article-title":"Low-pressure bypass drain pipe cracking analysis in thermal power plants","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Weld. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"108","article-title":"Analysis of the cause of boiler superheater pipe explosion","volume":"60","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mod. Manuf. Technol. Equip."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"130","article-title":"Thermal fatigue failure analysis for drainage-tank in hot section of reheat pipeline in an ultra-supercritical 1000 MW unit","volume":"47","author":"Lou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Therm. Power Gener."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"34","article-title":"Design and numerical simulation of thermal fatigue tests for high-temperature and high-pressure water pipelines","volume":"41","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Technol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2024.106474","article-title":"Failure behavior analysis of oxide film formed on super-heater tubes of boiler during deep peak process","volume":"218","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nme.2024.101707","article-title":"Failure analysis of a 12Cr1MoV superheater tube after 280,000 h of service","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucl. Mater. Energy"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfailanal.2023.107349","article-title":"Failure study of secondary superheater tube out header damage in a 600-MW coal power plant","volume":"150","author":"Nurbanasari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Fail. Anal."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12666-025-03635-6","article-title":"Failure analysis of high-temperature superheater outlet pipes in thermal power plants","volume":"78","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trans. Indian Inst. Met."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012062","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2587\/1\/012062","article-title":"Failure analysis of cracking on the outer pipe of 12Cr1MoV water wall in thermal power plants","volume":"2587","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11493","DOI":"10.1007\/s11665-024-09997-0","article-title":"Failure analysis of T91 finish superheater tube in 660 MW supercritical thermal power plant","volume":"34","author":"Mishra","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Eng. Perform."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfailanal.2023.107593","article-title":"Rupture analysis of 12Cr1MoV superheater tubes in power plants","volume":"153","author":"Javaheri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Fail. Anal."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfailanal.2024.108319","article-title":"Diagnosis of early creep degradation in 12Cr1MoVG steel based on a hybrid magnetic NDE approach","volume":"161","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng. Fail. Anal."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1080\/00084433.2024.2393540","article-title":"Failure analysis of 12Cr1MoVG outlet header for the reheater of the boiler under high temperature and high-pressure environment","volume":"64","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Can. Metall. Q."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucengdes.2025.113869","article-title":"Creep behaviors and rupture prediction of 12Cr1MoVG material at high temperatures","volume":"433","author":"Man","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucl. Eng. Des."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2026.174183","article-title":"Characterization of performance degradation of 12Cr1MoVG heat-resistant steel driven by magnetic-acoustic information fusion method","volume":"651","author":"Shen","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"101","article-title":"Anisotropic continuum damage analysis of thin-walled pressure vessels under cyclic thermo-mechanical loading","volume":"75","author":"Surmiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Struct. Eng. Mech."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2015.08.085","article-title":"Comparative study on thin and thick walled cylinder models subjected to thermo-mechanical loading","volume":"134","author":"Juszkiewicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3305","DOI":"10.1007\/s11771-019-4254-9","article-title":"Finite element simulation and microstructure of two-pass inner spinning process of curved-generatrix cone cylindrical parts with annealing\/quenching","volume":"26","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cent. South Univ."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"931","article-title":"A study of the effects of cyclic thermal stresses on a ductile metal","volume":"76","author":"Coffin","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. Fluids Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2024.108650","article-title":"New ultra-low cycle fatigue model for metal alloys","volume":"217","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"055002","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-651X\/ac6c43","article-title":"An irregular lattice spring model: Uniform elasticity, grid refinement and isotropic crack propagation","volume":"30","author":"Buxton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2024.120106","article-title":"Plastic deformation delocalization at cryogenic temperatures in a nickel-based superalloy","volume":"276","author":"Anjaria","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2024.122535","article-title":"Thermal fatigue analysis of district heating pipeline under variable frequency regulation of circulating water pump","volume":"242","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/19\/18\/3849\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T09:22:53Z","timestamp":1789032173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/19\/18\/3849"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ma19183849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma19183849","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]}}}