{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:45:02Z","timestamp":1789469102512,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2025-00564496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-00564496"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2025-00564496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-00564496"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Piles are structural members subjected to combined compression and bending and are typically constructed in soil or underwater environments. As a result, they are exposed to moisture, chloride attack, and various chemical agents, which may lead to cross-sectional deterioration. These environmental effects can reduce structural durability and should be appropriately considered during the design stage. In practice, compression members are rarely subjected to pure axial loads because eccentricity and lateral loads generally induce combined compression and bending actions. Therefore, the interaction between compression and bending should be carefully considered in structural design. This study experimentally and analytically evaluated the load-carrying capacity of hybrid concrete-filled FRP piles subjected to combined compression and bending. Based on the findings, a P\u2013M interaction diagram was developed to predict the strength and behavior of hybrid concrete-filled FRP piles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19183915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T09:31:57Z","timestamp":1789464717000},"page":"3915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Load-Carrying Capacity of Hybrid Concrete-Filled FRP Piles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2439-4916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architectural Engineering, Gachon University, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Choi, J.W. (2013). 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Materials, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17051072"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"American Institute of Steel Construction 2022. Specification for structural steel buildings (ANSI\/AISC 360-22); American Institute of Steel Construction, INC.: Chicago, United States of America, 2022; pp. 89\u2013116."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"ANSYS (2008). Release 11.0 Documentation for ANSYS, ANSYS."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"9","article-title":"General realization algorithm for modal identification of linear dynamic system","volume":"134","author":"Miaveni","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Eng. Mech."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Kim, H.S. (2010). Analysis on the Flexural Behavior of Composite Bridges with CFT Girder. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Korea University]."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"55","article-title":"Experimental study on the structural behavior of high strength concrete-filled square steel tube subjected to flexural loading","volume":"26","author":"Chung","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Archit. Inst. Korea Struct. Constr."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/19\/18\/3915\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T09:37:05Z","timestamp":1789465025000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/19\/18\/3915"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ma19183915"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma19183915","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]}}}