{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:02:34Z","timestamp":1789707754425,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002457","name":"Chosun University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002457","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01zt9a375","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryogenic high-manganese austenitic steel is used in liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks and has a lower thermal expansion coefficient than other cryogenic steels. Because it is joined to stainless steel in the loading system, dissimilar welding is required. Three-dimensional thermal elastic\u2013plastic finite element analysis and sectioning measurements were performed on 15-mm-thick high-manganese steel\/STS304 dissimilar butt welds, and the residual stress was analysed separately in the longitudinal and transverse components. The analysis predicted a steep gradient at the weld metal\u2013STS304 interface 8.5 mm from the weld centre, where the transverse stress falls to about \u2212230 MPa. The longitudinal peak differed from the homogeneous joint by only 77 MPa (\u221211.7%), within the analysis\u2013measurement deviation (RMSE 103\u2013127 MPa). Of the four properties substituted individually, the expansion coefficient gave the highest reproduction ratio (57.9% on average) and alone reproduced the interfacial compression; substituting all four reproduced the effect almost completely (102.4%). The transverse stress range increased linearly with the expansion mismatch (R2 = 0.978), whereas the longitudinal range did not (R2 = 0.002). Assessment by peak residual stress alone therefore misses the interfacial gradient and the compressive zone specific to dissimilar joints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19183921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:33:42Z","timestamp":1789479222000},"page":"3921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Material Property Factors on the Interfacial Residual Stress Gradient in High-Manganese Steel\/STS304 Dissimilar Butt Welds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0584-7994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Ung","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4274-5716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gyubaek","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-0136(95)02150-7","article-title":"The application of electron beam welding for the joining of dissimilar metals: An overview","volume":"59","author":"Sun","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. 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