{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:06:16Z","timestamp":1790247976036,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"National Centre for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LIDER13\/0130\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIDER13\/0130\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["LIDER13\/0130\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIDER13\/0130\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05pwfyy15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"AGH University of Krakow","award":["16.16.112.663\u2014task 3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16.16.112.663\u2014task 3"]}]},{"award":["16.16.112.663\u2014task 3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16.16.112.663\u2014task 3"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00bas1c41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Copper\u2013steel bimetals are widely used in industry. Due to the significantly different physical properties of these two materials, explosive cladding is the most effective method for joining them. This article presents a novel method for manufacturing bimetallic copper\u2013steel tubes. A stack of initially compacted copper powder rings was placed along a steel tube, and the copper layer was successfully explosively cladded onto the outer surface of the tube. Different variants of the experimental setups and processing parameters were investigated. The quality of the joint was metallurgically characterized, and appropriate technological guidelines were recommended. The macroscopic integrity of the bond was evaluated under shear stress conditions. The developed technique shows great potential for the future manufacturing of steel tubes cladded with copper matrix composites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19183933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T10:09:17Z","timestamp":1789553357000},"page":"3933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrating Powder Metallurgy with Explosive Cladding: A Novel Route for Bimetallic Copper\u2013Steel Tube Fabrication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9571-0504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remigiusz","family":"B\u0142oniarz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, A. Mickiewicza 30 Avenue, 30-059 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4586-5281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krystian","family":"Zygu\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, A. Mickiewicza 30 Avenue, 30-059 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5071-8526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leszek","family":"Szyma\u0144czyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of New Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. 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Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"538","article-title":"Review of Preparation and Application of Copper-Steel Bimetal Composites","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-021-07801-0","article-title":"Manufacturing of a 3D Finned Tube for Enhanced Boiling and Condensation Using Rolling-Cutting-Extruding Composite Forming","volume":"117","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. 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