{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T05:01:52Z","timestamp":1789794112491,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Micron-sized silver powder plays a crucial role in Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact solar cells (TOPCon) within the photovoltaic field due to its high bulk density and excellent rheological properties. Considering that micron-sized silver powder produced by the liquid-phase reduction method exhibits characteristics such as high surface energy and a tendency to agglomerate, along with poor compatibility with organic carriers in the paste, this work employs a strategy of synergistically modifying micron-sized silver powder with KH550 and sodium palmitate to regulate silver powder dispersion and paste adaptability. The composite-modified silver powder exhibits an increase in tapped density from 4.25 g\/cm3 to 6.01 g\/cm3, a bulk density elevated from 2.98 g\/cm3 to 4.11 g\/cm3, and a contact angle increased from 46\u00b0 to 141.5\u00b0, demonstrating significantly enhanced dispersion. The TOPCon silver paste prepared from the modified silver powder exhibited excellent comprehensive properties: a viscosity of 6.43 \u00d7 106 cp, a low resistivity of 2.75 \u00d7 10\u22126 \u03a9\u00b7cm, and a high aspect ratio of 45.18%. This work elucidates the impact of surface multifunctionalization on silver powder dispersion and paste compatibility, offering a novel approach for designing surface-functionalized micron-sized silver powder and developing high-performance electronic pastes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19183939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:07:29Z","timestamp":1789574849000},"page":"3939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["KH550 and Sodium Palmitate Mediated Synergistic Modification of Micronized Silver Powder: Insights into Dispersion Regulation and TOPCon Paste Performance Optimization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruxiao","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kejun","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emperor Qinshihuang\u2019s Mausoleum Site Museum, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianzhou","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6251-1250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Huichuang Precious Metal New Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Hongxing Electronic Paste Technology Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Basic Sciences (Chemistry & Biology), Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solmat.2025.113436","article-title":"Development of 22.5% p-type tunnel oxide passivated contact solar cells through efficiency enhancement by replacing local Al-BSF in PERC cells with (p+) poly-Si\/SiO2 carrier selective contact","volume":"283","author":"Choi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sol. 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