{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:01:52Z","timestamp":1790010112045,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPUS 2024\/53\/B\/ST7\/01848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPUS 2024\/53\/B\/ST7\/01848"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["OPUS 2024\/53\/B\/ST7\/01848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPUS 2024\/53\/B\/ST7\/01848"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ha2q922","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is a mechanically robust ceramic of interest for high-temperature microwave components and other applications requiring stable dielectric properties. However, reliable microwave permittivity data are difficult to establish due to strong dependence on composition, sample geometry, and the inherently limited sensitivity of broadband techniques for low-loss, high-permittivity dielectrics. This work presents the first application of the spherical dielectric resonator method, based on a recently formulated simplified electrodynamic model, to a non-magnetic dielectric material, extending the characterization across a broad temperature range. Spherical YSZ samples with 3.08 mol% Y2O3 content were characterized over the 5\u201317 GHz frequency range at room temperature and as a function of temperature from 20 \u00b0C to over 330 \u00b0C using dielectric resonator measurements in five different cylindrical cavities with a high electric energy filling factor in the sample (pe\u22480.96). Complex permittivity was extracted with a simplified equivalent spherical-enclosure model and cross-checked for a representative case using a radial mode-matching approach. At room temperature, the extracted real part of permittivity was consistent across the investigated band, while the dielectric loss tangent was on the order of 10\u22123 and showed a slight increase with frequency. Temperature measurements indicated that both real part of permittivity and dielectric loss tangent increase monotonically with temperature. The obtained results provide a consistent microwave dataset for polycrystalline YSZ.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19183953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:06:51Z","timestamp":1790006811000},"page":"3953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measurements of Dielectric Properties of Yttrium-Stabilized Zirconia Employing Spherical Dielectric Resonator Technique"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5616-8705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Czeka\u0142a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Pacewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6393-1441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerzy","family":"Krupka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4883-320X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Derzakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4605-4744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Abramowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shackelford, J.F., and Doremus, R.H. 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