{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:09:48Z","timestamp":1790014188377,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Compressor rotor blades in marine engineering applications are exposed to harsh, corrosive environments and complex aerodynamic loads, making them prone to premature failure. This study investigates the fracture of 12th-stage 2Cr13 martensitic stainless-steel blades following a maintenance overhaul. Despite the replacement of several cracked blades, five blades fractured shortly after restart, accompanied by abnormal vibration. A comprehensive failure analysis was conducted, including macroscopic inspection, fractographic observation, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, metallographic examination, and mechanical property testing. The results indicate that the fractures are multi-source high-cycle fatigue. Crack initiation in the new blade originated from pre-existing transverse mechanical damage, while in the old blades, it initiated from sharp pits and microcracks introduced by sandblasting, which compromised surface integrity. The material exhibited a normal tempered sorbite structure and adequate mechanical properties, with slight strengthening due to service-induced precipitation and dislocation accumulation. The failure followed a typical evolution of multi-source initiation, propagation, crack coalescence, and final overload ductile fracture. These findings highlight the critical role of surface integrity in blade reliability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19183965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:23:17Z","timestamp":1790011397000},"page":"3965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-Source Fatigue Fracture of 2Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel Compressor Blades: The Critical Role of Surface Integrity in Marine Engineering Reliability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yingwei","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin 300112, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology, Ministry of National Resources, Tianjin 300112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoxian","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Star Technology Co., Ltd Tianjin Branch, Tianjin 300000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of New Energy Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Yibin 644000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin 300112, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology, Ministry of National Resources, Tianjin 300112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lvjun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Manufacturing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuze","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin 300112, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology, Ministry of National Resources, Tianjin 300112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Day, W.D., Fiebiger, S.W., and Patel, H.N. 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Alloys Compd."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/19\/18\/3965\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:33:08Z","timestamp":1790011988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/19\/18\/3965"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ma19183965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma19183965","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]}}}