{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:05:51Z","timestamp":1792789551857,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["AP22688426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP22688426"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05tyne317","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["AP22688426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP22688426"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05tyne317","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of vacuum heat treatment on the structural-phase state of detonation-sprayed NiCrAl coatings was investigated. The samples were annealed in vacuum at temperatures of 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 \u00b0C with a holding time of 4 h. It was established that the as-sprayed coating is characterized predominantly by the presence of \u03b2-NiAl and a non-equilibrium lamellar structure formed under conditions of high-velocity detonation deposition and rapid particle cooling. At 800 \u00b0C, diffusion processes are activated, and a more complex multiphase state involving Ni\u2013Al- and Cr-containing intermetallic phases is formed. Increasing the temperature to 900 \u00b0C promotes further structural and chemical homogenization of the coating while retaining \u03b2-NiAl as one of the main phases. At 1000 \u00b0C, along with continued homogenization, Cr2O3 and NiO appear, while interdiffusion between the coating and the Fe-containing substrate becomes more pronounced near the interface. After treatment at 1100 \u00b0C, the most profound phase transformation is observed, with formation of Al2O3, Cr2O3, NiO, and NiAl2O4, significant redistribution of the Ni\u2013Al intermetallic constituent, and formation of a chemically heterogeneous transition zone with local microvoids. Increasing temperature is also accompanied by changes in surface morphology and a moderate decrease in roughness. Surface roughness showed a non-monotonic temperature dependence, with Ra values of 6, 5.3, 5.3, and 5.9 \u03bcm after heat treatment at 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 \u00b0C, respectively; the minimum roughness was obtained at 900 \u00b0C.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19184023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:23:17Z","timestamp":1790011397000},"page":"4023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Vacuum Heat Treatment on the Structural-Phase State of Detonation-Sprayed NiCrAl Coatings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Maulet","family":"Meruyert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center \u00abSurface Engineering and Tribology\u00bb, Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, 070002 Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhuldyz","family":"Sagdoldina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center \u00abSurface Engineering and Tribology\u00bb, Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, 070002 Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Nurkhat","family":"Bimakhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center \u00abSurface Engineering and Tribology\u00bb, Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, 070002 Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rakhadilov, B., Sulyubayeva, L., Maulet, M., Sagdoldina, Z., Buitkenov, D., and Issova, A. 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