{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:10:54Z","timestamp":1790014254757,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Independent Key Project of CCTEG","award":["2025ZDYF06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZDYF06"]}]},{"name":"Independent Innovation Guidance Project of CCTEG","award":["2025YBXM19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YBXM19"]}]},{"name":"Independent Innovation Guidance Project of CCTEG","award":["2022YBXM23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YBXM23"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The escalating intensity and depth of coal mining operations have exacerbated underground strata pressure, resulting in fracture-induced air leakage channels that heighten risks of coal spontaneous combustion and gas explosions. These challenges necessitate enhanced flexibility and strength in cementitious materials used for roadway support. This study investigated the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymer concrete (FRPC) for mining applications through response surface methodology (RSM) using Design Expert software. Three critical factors: styrene\u2013acrylic emulsion content (5\u201315 wt.%), polypropylene fiber length (9\u201315 mm), and fiber content (0.7\u20131.1 kg\/m3), were systematically investigated to establish factor-performance correlations via 3D response surfaces. This study experimentally investigated the effects of styrene\u2013acrylic emulsion content, polypropylene fiber length, and fiber content on the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymer concrete for mining roadway support. Response surface methodology was used as an empirical statistical tool to describe the response trends and factor interactions within the selected experimental range. The regression models developed in this study should therefore be interpreted as local empirical models rather than mechanics-based predictive equations. Using the flexural-to-compressive strength ratio as an index, the optimal formulation of FRPC was 10% emulsion, 12 mm fibers, and 1.1 kg\/m3 fiber content. Microstructural characterization indicated that polypropylene fibers effectively inhibited crack propagation through bridging effects, while styrene\u2013acrylic emulsion formed continuous film-like network structures on cement surfaces. Synergistically, both components enhanced matrix densification, achieving concurrent improvements in flexibility and strength. Field applications demonstrated that FRPC significantly reduced air leakage channels, decreased the risk of coal spontaneous combustion, and improved the safety of coal mine production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19184028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:23:17Z","timestamp":1790011397000},"page":"4028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experimental Investigation and Response Surface Optimization of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Concrete for Mining Roadway Support"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Linlin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Control, Chongqing 400039, China"},{"name":"China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute, Chongqing 400039, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Guozhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Control, Chongqing 400039, China"},{"name":"China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute, Chongqing 400039, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Qingming","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Control, Chongqing 400039, China"},{"name":"China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute, Chongqing 400039, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4540-1559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yiren","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2018.02.083","article-title":"Substitution of coal power plants with renewable energy sources-Shift of the power demand and energy storage","volume":"164","author":"Leonard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energ. 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