{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:01:04Z","timestamp":1790758864579,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The success of temporary restorations depends on their marginal and internal adaptation, which are influenced by the manufacturing method. This study evaluated the intaglio surface accuracy, internal fit, and marginal fit of provisional crowns fabricated via subtractive (milling) and additive (3D printing) CAD\/CAM technologies. Three milling systems\u2014CEREC Primemill (4-axis), PrograMill Dry (5-axis), and Zirkonzahn M1 (5-axis)\u2014and three 3D printers\u2014Phrozen Mini 4K (LCD), SprintRay Pro95S (DLP), and Stratasys Objet30 (PolyJet)\u2014were evaluated. For 3D printing, five build orientations (0\u00b0, 30\u00b0, 45\u00b0, 60\u00b0, and 90\u00b0) were tested. A total of 360 crowns were fabricated. Accuracy was quantified by Root Mean Square (RMS) deviation, and fit was assessed using the triple-scan method. Results indicated that build angles of 0\u00b0 and 30\u00b0 yielded the best performance for printed crowns (p &lt; 0.05). While milling systems showed significantly superior intaglio accuracy and marginal fit compared to 3D printing (p &lt; 0.05), no significant differences were found in internal fit between the two methods (p &gt; 0.05). Milling offers higher dimensional predictability, but both approaches are clinically viable when optimized parameters are utilized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19194109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T09:23:01Z","timestamp":1790328181000},"page":"4109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intaglio Surface Accuracy of Temporary Crowns Fabricated by Additive Versus Subtractive CAD\/CAM Methods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Ayres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6190-5455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3197-9576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Otavio Henrique","family":"Pinhata-Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9716-1385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Pradies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6591-7256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur Rodriguez Gonzalez","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-019-0360-1","article-title":"Temporary restorations: The key to success","volume":"226","author":"Mizrahi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. 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