{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:56:59Z","timestamp":1790830619001,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research and Technology Development of CNPC","award":["2023ZZ11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZZ11"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017596","name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S2023-JC-QN-0614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2023-JC-QN-0614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFB3711700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFB3711700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2023A1515012142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515012142"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2021A1515110227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515110227"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cementite (Fe3C) plays a key role in determining the mechanical performance of pearlitic and heat-resistant steels, where both its intrinsic elastic properties and interfacial bonding with ferrite are critical. In this study, first-principles calculations based on density functional theory were employed to systematically investigate the elastic anisotropy of orthorhombic Fe3C and the interfacial stability of \u03b1-Fe\/Fe3C with three typical orientation relationships (Isaichev, Bagaryatsky, and Pitsch\u2013Petch). The calculated elastic constants of Fe3C satisfy the mechanical stability criteria and reveal pronounced anisotropic behavior, indicating strong directional dependence of its deformation resistance. Interfacial models with optimized lattice matching demonstrate that the Isaichev orientation exhibits the lowest lattice mismatch (~1.71%), the smallest interface energy (0.55 J\/m2), and the highest work of adhesion (4.29 J\/m2), suggesting superior thermodynamic stability and interfacial bonding strength. In contrast, the Bagaryatsky and Pitsch\u2013Petch interfaces exhibit larger lattice mismatch and more pronounced local interfacial distortion, resulting in higher interface energies and reduced interfacial stability. These findings provide atomic-scale insights into the structure\u2013property relationship of Fe3C and highlight the critical role of orientation relationships in governing interface stability. The results offer theoretical guidance for interface engineering and microstructure optimization in high-performance steels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19194147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:12:42Z","timestamp":1790669562000},"page":"4147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Orientation-Dependent Interfacial Stability and Elastic Anisotropy of \u03b1-Fe\/Fe3C: A First-Principles Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8091-144X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Dang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Equipment, CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"},{"name":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Equipment, CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oil Production Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay 831399, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oil Production Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay 831399, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Qingyang 745000, China"},{"name":"School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oil Production Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay 831399, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Equipment, CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52768-7","article-title":"Iron-catalyzed sequential hydrosilylation","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. 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