{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:03:22Z","timestamp":1790697802055,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RID\/SP\/0032\/2024\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RID\/SP\/0032\/2024\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RID\/SP\/0032\/2024\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RID\/SP\/0032\/2024\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dwvd537","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluates the feasibility of incorporating a specific batch of distilled paint waste into acry-lonitrile\u2013butadiene\u2013styrene (ABS), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) matrices at nominal feed contents of 10, 20, and 30 wt.%. After drying and grinding, the waste was compounded by extrusion and specimens were produced by injection molding. Melt-flow behavior, density, impact and tensile properties, thermal stability, thermal transitions, and dynamic-mechanical response were investigated. The effect of waste addition was strongly matrix dependent. In PS, MFR increased from 9.52 to 24.85 g\/10 min between neat PS and the 30 wt.% nominal formulation, while Tg decreased from 106.4 to 81.6 \u00b0C. TGA showed non-monotonic, matrix-dependent changes in thermal stability. Mechanical performance generally deteriorated with increasing nominal waste content; for ABS, tensile strength decreased from 42.21 to 26.17 MPa and impact strength from 17.51 to 0.23 kJ\/m2. DMA confirmed matrix-dependent changes in stiffness and relaxation behavior. The results show that the investigated waste batch can be processed with all three ther-moplastic matrices, but increasing waste addition involves clear mechanical and thermal trade-offs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19194167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:14:37Z","timestamp":1790694877000},"page":"4167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Valorization of Distilled Paint Waste as a Modifier of Polymer Matrices Based on ABS, PP and PS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8574-0742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Jagodzi\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Chodkiewicza 30 Str., 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4188-8408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Moraczewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Chodkiewicza 30 Str., 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8345-9647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Karasiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Chodkiewicza 30 Str., 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3693-1627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Szabli\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Chodkiewicza 30 Str., 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2015.12.039","article-title":"A review on paint sludge from automotive industries: Generation, characteristics and management","volume":"169","author":"Salihoglu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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