{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:07:37Z","timestamp":1792789657120,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019057","name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GDDCE 24-25-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDDCE 24-25-13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["GDDCE 24-25-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDDCE 24-25-13"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00fpta597","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52578282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52578282"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52178209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52178209"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["52578282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52578282"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["52178209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52178209"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Program from Water Resources of Guangdong Province","award":["2025-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-2"]}]},{"award":["2025-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02anpjx50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong Technology Co-operation Funding Scheme","award":["2025A0505080020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025A0505080020"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong Technology Co-operation Funding Scheme","award":["GHP\/375\/23GD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHP\/375\/23GD"]}]},{"name":"Central Government-Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project","award":["2025ZY01040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZY01040"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study comparatively investigates the reinforcement mechanisms of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and graphene oxide (GO) in cement mortar at dosages of 0\u20130.1%, focusing on mechanical properties, drying shrinkage, fluidity, water absorption, and microstructural evolution characterized by SEM, XRD, and MIP. Both nanomaterials reduce fluidity, with GO exhibiting a less pronounced effect. The mechanical properties display unimodal dosage-dependent trends, with optimal flexural strength at 0.05% and optimal compressive strength at 0.03%; the corresponding 28 d enhancements reach 16.9% and 20.8% for GO, compared with 8.2% and 8.5% for GNP. Water absorption and drying shrinkage attain minima at 0.03% and 0.05%, respectively. GO consistently outperforms GNP, which is attributed to its superior pore refinement, reducing total porosity by 15.0% and large pores (&gt;100 nm) by 51.3%, owing to its functional groups that promote dispersion and hydration nucleation. These results establish GO as a more effective nano-reinforcement for pore-structure engineering in cementitious composites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19194253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:46:26Z","timestamp":1791560786000},"page":"4253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Mechanisms of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Graphene Oxide in Regulating Pore Structure and Drying Shrinkage of Cement Mortar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Junliang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Engineering and Technology for Tideland Reclamation and Life-Cycle Intelligent Monitoring of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4025-7559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongyan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Engineering and Technology for Tideland Reclamation and Life-Cycle Intelligent Monitoring of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhongkun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Engineering and Technology for Tideland Reclamation and Life-Cycle Intelligent Monitoring of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Gengying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wenzhou Polytechnic University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1653","article-title":"Influences of Carbon Nanotubes and Polyvinyl Alcohol Nano-Composites on Mechanical Properties and Dry Shrinkage of Concrete","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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