{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:19:34Z","timestamp":1791267574428,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":263,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]],"date-time":"2013-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During the past few decades, the research on persistent luminescent materials has focused mainly on Eu2+-doped compounds. However, the yearly number of publications on non-Eu2+-based materials has also increased steadily. By now, the number of known persistent phosphors has increased to over 200, of which over 80% are not based on Eu2+, but rather, on intrinsic host defects, transition metals (manganese, chromium, copper, etc.) or trivalent rare earths (cerium, terbium, dysprosium, etc.). In this review, we present an overview of these non-Eu2+-based persistent luminescent materials and their afterglow properties. We also take a closer look at some remaining challenges, such as the excitability with visible light and the possibility of energy transfer between multiple luminescent centers. Finally, we summarize the necessary elements for a complete description of a persistent luminescent material, in order to allow a more objective comparison of these phosphors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma6072789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]],"date-time":"2013-07-12T10:55:35Z","timestamp":1373626535000},"page":"2789-2818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":343,"title":["Persistent Luminescence in Non-Eu2+-Doped Compounds:  A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Koen","family":"Van den Eeckhout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LumiLab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S1, 9000 Gent, Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3930-172X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Poelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LumiLab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S1, 9000 Gent, Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4789-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Smet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LumiLab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S1, 9000 Gent, Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1364\/OME.2.000452","article-title":"Focus Issue Introduction: Persistent Phosphors","volume":"2","author":"Smet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. 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