{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:07:40Z","timestamp":1790683660607,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of iron in two modes of integration into alumina catalysts was studied at 0.39 wt% Fe and tested in trichloroethylene combustion. One modified alumina was synthesized using the sol-gel method with Fe added in situ during hydrolysis; another modification was performed using calcined alumina, prepared using the sol-gel method and impregnated with Fe. Several characterization techniques were used to study the level of Fe modification in the \u03b3-Al2O3 phase formed and to correlate the catalytic properties during trichloroethylene (TCE) combustion. The introduction of Fe in situ during the sol-gel process influenced the crystallite size, and three iron species were generated, namely, magnetite, maghemite and hematite. The impregnated Fe-alumina formed hematite and maghemite, which were highly dispersed on the \u03b3-Al2O3 surface. The X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), FT-IR and M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy analyses revealed how Fe interacted with the \u03b3-Al2O3 lattice in both catalysts. The impregnated Fe-catalyst showed the best catalytic performance compared to the catalyst that was Fe-doped in situ by the sol-gel method; both had better catalytic activity than pure alumina. This difference in activity was correlated with the accessibility of the reactants to the hematite iron species on the surface. The chlorine poisoning for all three catalysts was less than 1.8%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma7032062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T07:14:58Z","timestamp":1394608498000},"page":"2062-2086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Low Concentration Fe-Doped Alumina Catalysts Using Sol-Gel and Impregnation Methods: The Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Performance during the Combustion of Trichloroethylene"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Carolina","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Ave. Universidad S\/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza, Nuevo Le\u00f3n 64451, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"De la Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Ave. Universidad S\/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza, Nuevo Le\u00f3n 64451, Mexico"},{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, UANL, Centro de Innovaci\u00f3n, Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo en Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda (CIIDIT), Km 10 de la nueva carretera al Aeropuerto Internacional de Monterrey, PIIT Monterrey, Apodaca, Nuevo Le\u00f3n 66600, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Lucio-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Ave. Universidad S\/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza, Nuevo Le\u00f3n 64451, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aracely","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Ave. Universidad S\/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza, Nuevo Le\u00f3n 64451, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Barraza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, UNAM, CNyN, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California 22800, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Mexicano del Petr\u00f3leo, Eje Central L. C\u00e1rdenas 152, AP 14-805, 07730 Mexico, D.F., Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lippens, B.C. (1961). Structure and Texture of Aluminas, Uitgeverij Waltman."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/03602457808080878","article-title":"Catalytic aluminas: Surface models and characterization of surface sites","volume":"17","author":"Ratnasamy","year":"1978","journal-title":"Catal. Rev. Sci. 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