{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:31:27Z","timestamp":1791081087338,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]],"date-time":"2014-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ceramics and glass ceramics based on industrial waste have been widely recognized as competitive products for building applications; however, there is a great potential for such materials with novel functionalities. In this paper, we discuss the development of magnetic sintered glass ceramics based on two iron-rich slags, coming from non-ferrous metallurgy and recycled borosilicate glass. The substantial viscous flow of the glass led to dense products for rapid treatments at relatively low temperatures  (900\u20131000 \u00b0C), whereas glass\/slag interactions resulted in the formation of magnetite crystals, providing ferrimagnetism. Such behavior could be exploited for applying the obtained glass ceramics as induction heating plates, according to preliminary tests (showing the rapid heating of selected samples, even above 200 \u00b0C). The chemical durability and safety of the obtained glass ceramics were assessed by both leaching tests and cytotoxicity tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma7085565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,4]],"date-time":"2014-08-04T08:06:18Z","timestamp":1407139578000},"page":"5565-5580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Magnetic Glass Ceramics by Sintering of Borosilicate Glass and Inorganic Waste"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"In\u00e8s","family":"Ponsot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova (PD), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiannis","family":"Pontikes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,  Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 bus 2450, B-3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Baldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorobbia Research Centre (Ce.Ri.Col.), via Pietramarina 53, 50053 Sovigliana Vinci (FI), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rama","family":"Chinnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,  University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Detsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,  University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7377-2955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldo","family":"Boccaccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,  University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4934-4405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Bernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova (PD), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1179\/174367606X81623","article-title":"The contribution of ceramics to environmental clean up","volume":"105","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Appl. Ceram."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-006-6554-3","article-title":"Glass ceramics: Their production from wastes\u2014A Review","volume":"41","author":"Rawlings","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"H\u00f6land, W., and Beall, G.H. (2002). Glass Ceramic Technology, The American Ceramics Society. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cossms.2003.08.002","article-title":"Inertization and reuse of waste materials by vitrification and fabrication of glass based products","volume":"7","author":"Colombo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"58","article-title":"Processing of coal ash into glass ceramic products by powder technology and sintering","volume":"43","author":"Francis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glass Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-007-2166-9","article-title":"Production of sintered materials from air pollution control residues from waste incineration","volume":"43","author":"Dimech","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2011.06.018","article-title":"Glass ceramics from vitrified sewage sludge pyrolysis residues and recycled glasses","volume":"31","author":"Bernardo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2012.12.006","article-title":"Review. Functional glasses and glass ceramics derived from iron rich waste and combination of industrial residues","volume":"365","author":"Chinnam","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Non-Cryst. Sol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2005.04.007","article-title":"The influence of crystallised Fe3O4 on the magnetic properties of coprecipitation-derived ferrimagnetic glass ceramics","volume":"1","author":"Bretcanu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2006.02.264","article-title":"Magnetic properties of the ferrimagnetic glass ceramics for hyperthermia","volume":"305","author":"Bretcanu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2013.11.006","article-title":"Heating efficiency in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia","volume":"354","author":"Deatsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4","article-title":"Characteristics and utilisation of copper slag\u2014A review","volume":"39","author":"Gorai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Res. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"317","article-title":"Characterization of fayalite from copper slags","volume":"45","author":"Mihailova","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Univ. Chem. Technol. Metal."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.02.056","article-title":"Utilization of flotation wastes of copper slag as raw material in cement production","volume":"159","author":"Alp","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2005.09.005","article-title":"Magnetic characteristics of iron-containing glass originated from the mixture of various wastes","volume":"33","author":"Francis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X06062600","article-title":"Treatment of copper industry waste and production of sintered glass ceramic","volume":"24","author":"Coruh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Waste Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"354","article-title":"Preparation and crystallization of glass-ceramics derived from iron-rich copper slag","volume":"7","author":"Zhihong","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Alloys Comp."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2003.09.013","article-title":"Sintering behaviour and mechanical properties of Al2O3 platelet-reinforced glass matrix composites obtained by powder technology","volume":"30","author":"Bernardo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.01.004","article-title":"A review of the biological response to ionic dissolution products from bioactive glasses and glass ceramics","volume":"32","author":"Hoppe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2008.03.021","article-title":"Fast sinter-crystallization of a glass from waste materials","volume":"354","author":"Bernardo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Non-Cryst. Sol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2010.02.047","article-title":"Optimisation of sintered glass\u2013ceramics from an industrial waste glass","volume":"36","author":"Bernardo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"245","article-title":"Zinc partitioning between glass and silicate phases in historical and modern lead-zinc metallurgical slags from the P\u0159\u00edbram district, Czech Republic","volume":"331","author":"Ettler","year":"2000","journal-title":"C. R. de l\u2019Acad. des Sci.-Ser. IIA"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11669-010-9721-9","article-title":"Phase Diagram Evaluations\u2014Fe-O-Si-Zn (Iron-Oxygen-Silicon-Zinc)","volume":"31","author":"Raghavan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phase Equilibria Diffus."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"67","article-title":"Quartz-fayalite-iron and quartz-fayalite-magnetite equilibria and the free energy of formation of fayalite (Fe2SiO4) and magnetite (Fe3O4)","volume":"72","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. Mineral."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2219(03)00264-4","article-title":"Production of glass-ceramic bodies from the bottom ashes of municipal solid waste incinerators","volume":"24","author":"Appendino","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Eur. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shelby, J.E. (2005). Introduction to Glass Science and Technology, The Royal Society of Chemistry. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1039\/9781847551160"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1151-2916.1994.tb06956.x","article-title":"Further Investigation of the Stabilization of \u03b2-Cristobalite","volume":"77","author":"Thomas","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.02.046","article-title":"Production of coloured glass ceramics from incinerator ash using thermal plasma technology","volume":"68","author":"Cheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-8842(03)00106-8","article-title":"Characterisation of glass ceramics made from incinerator fly ash","volume":"30","author":"Cheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2013.826825","article-title":"Accuracy of available methods for quantifying the heat power generation of nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia","volume":"29","author":"Andreu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperth."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.3109\/02656730903287790","article-title":"Inductive heating of ferrimagnetic particles and magnetic fluids: Physical evaluation of their potential for hyperthermia","volume":"25","author":"Jordan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperth."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2005.11.002","article-title":"Crystallization kinetics of magnetic glass\u2013ceramics prepared by the processing of waste materials","volume":"41","author":"Francis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2003.09.048","article-title":"Crystallization kinetic of glass particles prepared from a mixture of coal ash and soda-lime cullet glass","volume":"333","author":"Francis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Non-Cryst. Sol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(02)00706-0","article-title":"Heating magnetic fluid with alternating magnetic field","volume":"252","author":"Rosenweig","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s40145-012-0010-4","article-title":"Magnetic glass ceramics","volume":"1","author":"Sandu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Adv. Ceram."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Pollard, T.D., Earnshaw, W.C., and Lippincott-Schwartz, J. (2008). Cell Biology, Elsevier Inc.. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"75","article-title":"Glass ceramics from Municipal Incinerator Fly Ash","volume":"76","author":"Boccaccini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ceram. Bull."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponsot, I., Bernardo, E., Bontempi, E., Depero, L., Chinnam, R.K., Detsch, R., and Boccaccini, A.R. (2014). Recycle of pre-stabilized municipal waste incinerator fly ash and soda-lime glass into sintered glass ceramics. J. Clean. Prod., submitted.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2014.10.091"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"JSTOR The Error of Determination of Toxicity. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 1927."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/7\/8\/5565\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:14:13Z","timestamp":1760217253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/7\/8\/5565"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ma7085565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma7085565","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]]}}}