{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:39:51Z","timestamp":1790825991348,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Crystalline TiO2 has shown its great photocatalytic properties in bacterial inactivation. This work presents a design fabrication of low-cost, layered TiO2 films assembled reactors and a study of their performance for a better understanding to elucidate the photocatalytic effect on inactivation of E. coli in water. The ability to reduce the number of bacteria in water samples for the layered TiO2 composing reactors has been investigated as a function of time, while varying the parameters of light sources, initial concentration of bacteria, and ratios of TiO2 film area and volume of water. Herein, the layered TiO2 films have been fabricated on the glass plates by thermal spray coating prior to screen printing, allowing a good adhesion of the films. Surface topology and crystallographic phase of TiO2 for the screen-printed active layer have been characterized, resulting in the ratio of anatase:rutile being 80:20. Under exposure to sunlight and a given condition employed in this study, the optimized film area:water volume of 1:2.62 has shown a significant ability to reduce the E. coli cells in water samples. The ratio of surface area of photocatalytic active base to volume of water medium is believed to play a predominant role facilitating the cells inactivation. The kinetic rate of inactivation and its behavior are also described in terms of adsorption of reaction species at different contact times.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma9100808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T10:06:56Z","timestamp":1475230016000},"page":"808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Multi-Layered TiO2 Films towards Enhancement of Escherichia coli Inactivation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sorachon","family":"Yoriya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Metal and Materials Technology Center, 114 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, PathumThani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angkana","family":"Chumphu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Metal and Materials Technology Center, 114 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, PathumThani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pusit","family":"Pookmanee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wreerat","family":"Laithong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Technology Division, School of Energy Environment and Materials, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirichai","family":"Thepa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Technology Division, School of Energy Environment and Materials, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roongrojana","family":"Songprakorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Technology Division, School of Energy Environment and Materials, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2004.05.017","article-title":"Photocatalytic disinfection of water using low cost compound parabolic collector","volume":"77","author":"Mcloughlin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sol. 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