{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:41:05Z","timestamp":1776688865273,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovations of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200109"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Machines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The paper provides an analysis of the energy efficiency of the swing drive system of hydraulic excavators, which integrally includes a hydraulic motor and a planetary reducer. The indicator of the drive\u2019s energy efficiency is determined based on the efficiency of the hydraulic motor and the planetary reducer. The efficiency of the hydraulic motor is defined as a function of the specific flow, pressure, and the number of revolutions of the hydraulic motor. The efficiency of the reducer is determined using structural analysis of planetary gearboxes and the moment method. As an example, the results of a comparative analysis of the energy efficiency of the swing drive of a tracked hydraulic excavator, weighing 16,000 kg and having a bucket volume of 0.6 m3, are presented. From the set of possible generated variant solutions of the drive, obtained through the synthesis process based on the required torque and platform rotation speed, two extreme drive variants were selected for the analysis. In the first configuration, a hydraulic motor characterized by a low specific flow is combined with a three-stage reduction gear featuring a higher overall transmission ratio, whereas the second configuration integrates a high-specific-flow hydraulic motor with a two-stage reduction gear of a lower transmission ratio. The obtained results of the comparative analysis of the drive\u2019s energy efficiency are presented depending on the change in the required torque and the rotational speed of the platform.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/machines13070596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T11:26:37Z","timestamp":1752233197000},"page":"596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Energy Efficiency Analysis of Hydraulic Excavators\u2019 Swing Drive Transmission"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9252-7894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vesna","family":"Jovanovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ni\u0161, A. Medvedeva 14, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dragoslav","family":"Jano\u0161evi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ni\u0161, A. Medvedeva 14, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3583-9434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragan","family":"Marinkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Analysis, Berlin Institute of Technology, Strasse des 17, Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Mechanical Science, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10105 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9166-1263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola","family":"Petrovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ni\u0161, A. Medvedeva 14, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9694-6719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boban","family":"Nikoli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ni\u0161, A. Medvedeva 14, 18000 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"711","article-title":"An integrated optimization of production and preventive maintenance scheduling in industry 4.0","volume":"22","author":"Babaeimorad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Facta Univ. Ser. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Lodewyks, J., and Zurbr\u00fcgg, P. (2016, January 8\u201310). Decentralized energy-saving hydraulic concepts for mobile working machines. 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