{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:34:53Z","timestamp":1780101293412,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,3]],"date-time":"2012-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The toxin content in various life cycle stages of tank-cultivated bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus) were analyzed by mouse bioassay and ESI-MS spectrometry analysis. The presence of toxin content was determined in extracts of sperm, eggs, embryo, larvae, post-larvae, juvenile, pre-adult, and adult fish, as well as in food items used during the cultivation of the species. Our findings show that only the muscle of juveniles, the viscera of pre-adults, and muscle, liver, and gonad of adult specimens were slightly toxic ( &lt; 1 mouse unit). Thus, cultivated S. annulatus, as occurs with other cultivated puffer fish species, does not represent a food safety risk to consumers. This is the first report of toxin analysis covering the complete life stages of a puffer fish under controlled conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md10020329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,3]],"date-time":"2012-02-03T11:08:57Z","timestamp":1328267337000},"page":"329-339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Toxicity of Cultured Bullseye Puffer Fish Sphoeroides annulatus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Erick J.","family":"Nu\u00f1ez-Vazquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Apdo. Postal 128, La Paz, B.C.S. 23000, Mexico"},{"name":"Investigacion para la Conservacion y el Desarrollo (INCODE), Andador 2, 245. Col. Banobras. La Paz, B.C.S. 23080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Garcia-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, Pacific Aquaculture & Coastal Resources Center, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA"},{"name":"Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo (CIAD), Unidad Mazatlan. Apdo. Postal 711, C.P. 82010. Mazatlan, Sinaloa 82010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel I.","family":"Campa-Cordova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Apdo. Postal 128, La Paz, B.C.S. 23000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel Abdo","family":"De la Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo (CIAD), Unidad Mazatlan. Apdo. Postal 711, C.P. 82010. Mazatlan, Sinaloa 82010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilia","family":"Ibarra-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Apdo. Postal 128, La Paz, B.C.S. 23000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Heredia-Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Investigacion para la Conservacion y el Desarrollo (INCODE), Andador 2, 245. Col. Banobras. La Paz, B.C.S. 23080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose L.","family":"Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Apdo. Postal 128, La Paz, B.C.S. 23000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Castellanos, R.S., Garc\u00eda, R.J.L., Guevara, O.J.L., and Franco, A.F.C. (1982). Aportaci\u00f3n al conocimiento de la especie Sphoeroides annulatus (Jenyns). Memorias para obtener el t\u00edtulo de Bi\u00f3logo Pesquero, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar; Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Sinaloa."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"El Botete (Sphoeroides annulatus): Caracter\u00edsticas y origen como alimento humano","volume":"2","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ciencias del Mar"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-F\u00e9lix, M.L., Bringas-Alvarado, L., P\u00e9rez-Vel\u00e1zquez, M., and Meza-Garc\u00eda, S. (2007, January 28\u201330). Estado actual de la investigaci\u00f3n y producci\u00f3n del botete diana Sphoeroides annulatus. 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