{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:53:45Z","timestamp":1791305625178,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]],"date-time":"2013-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The marine sponge, Axinyssa djiferi, collected on mangrove tree roots in Senegal, was investigated for glycolipids. A mixture containing new glycosphingolipids, named axidjiferoside-A, -B and -C, accounted for 0.07% of sponge biomass (dry weight) and for 2.16% of total lipids. It showed a significant antimalarial activity, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.53 \u00b1 0.2 \u03bcM against a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum. They were identified as homologous \u03b2-galactopyranosylceramides composed of 2-amino-(6E)-octadec-6-en-1,3,4-triol, and the major one, axidjiferoside-A (around 60%), contained 2-hydroxytetracosanoic acid. Cytotoxicity was studied in vitro on human cancer cell lines (multiple myeloma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma and two lung cancer NSCLC-N6 and A549). Results of this investigation showed that axidjiferosides are of interest, because they proved a good antiplasmodial activity, with only a low cytotoxicity against various human cell lines and no significant antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activity. Thus, it seems that galactosylceramides with a \u03b2 anomeric configuration may be suitable in searching for new antimalarial drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md11041304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]],"date-time":"2013-04-17T12:13:38Z","timestamp":1366200818000},"page":"1304-1315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Antimalarial Activity of Axidjiferosides, New \u03b2-Galactosylceramides from the African Sponge  Axinyssa djiferi"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fereshteh","family":"Farokhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, LUNAM Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Groupe Mer, Mol\u00e9cules, Sant\u00e9-EA 2160, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral-FR CNRS 3473, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Grellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mus\u00e9um National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7245 CNRS, CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Cl\u00e9ment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM CRNA U892, 8 quai Moncousu, BP 70721, F-44007 Nantes Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Roussakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, LUNAM Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, IICIMED\/ERATU-EA 1155 Cancer du Poumon et Cibles mol\u00e9culaires, 1 rue Gaston Veil, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Loiseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Chimioth\u00e9rapie Antiparasitaire, UMR 8076 CNRS, F-92290 Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Genin-Seward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, LUNAM Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Groupe Mer, Mol\u00e9cules, Sant\u00e9-EA 2160, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral-FR CNRS 3473, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Kornprobst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, LUNAM Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Groupe Mer, Mol\u00e9cules, Sant\u00e9-EA 2160, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral-FR CNRS 3473, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Barnathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, LUNAM Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Groupe Mer, Mol\u00e9cules, Sant\u00e9-EA 2160, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral-FR CNRS 3473, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00ebtane","family":"Wielgosz-Collin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, LUNAM Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Groupe Mer, Mol\u00e9cules, Sant\u00e9-EA 2160, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral-FR CNRS 3473, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4670","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2007.05997.x","article-title":"Malaria\u2014An overview","volume":"274","author":"Tuteja","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2011). 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