{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:16:01Z","timestamp":1790435761693,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,14]],"date-time":"2014-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mechanism for how fucoxanthin (FX) suppressed adipose accumulation is unclear. We aim to investigate the effects of FX on metabolic rate and expressions of genes related to thermogenesis, mitochondria biogenesis and homeostasis. Using a 2 \u00d7 2 factorial design, four groups of mice were respectively fed a high sucrose (50% sucrose) or a  high-fat diet (23% butter + 7% soybean oil) supplemented with or without 0.2% FX.  FX significantly increased oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production and  reduced white adipose tissue (WAT) mass. The mRNA expressions of peroxisome  proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) \u03b3 coactivator-1\u03b1 (PGC-1\u03b1), cell death-inducing DFFA-like effecter a (CIDEA), PPAR\u03b1, PPAR\u03b3, estrogen-related receptor \u03b1 (ERR\u03b1),  \u03b23-adrenergic receptor (\u03b23-AR) and deiodinase 2 (Dio2) were significantly upregulated in inguinal WAT (iWAT) and epididymal WAT (eWAT) by FX. Mitochondrial biogenic genes, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and NRF2, were increased in eWAT by FX. Noticeably, FX upregulated genes of mitochondrial fusion, mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), Mfn2 and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), but not mitochondrial fission, Fission 1, in both iWAT and eWAT. In conclusion, dietary FX enhanced the metabolic rate and lowered adipose mass irrespective of the diet. These were associated with upregulated genes of the PGC-1\u03b1 network and mitochondrial fusion in eWAT and iWAT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md12020964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,14]],"date-time":"2014-02-14T12:37:22Z","timestamp":1392381442000},"page":"964-982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Dietary Fucoxanthin Increases Metabolic Rate and  Upregulated mRNA Expressions of the PGC-1alpha Network, Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Fusion Genes in White Adipose Tissues of Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Meng-Ting","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Nong","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-jang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.199","article-title":"Global obesity: Trends, risk factors and policy implications","volume":"9","author":"Malik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. 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