{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:00:43Z","timestamp":1792641643036,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,24]],"date-time":"2014-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy causes neurodegeneration and brain injury, leading to sensorimotor dysfunction. Xyloketal B is a novel marine compound isolated from a mangrove fungus Xylaria species (no. 2508) with unique antioxidant effects. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanism of xyloketal B on oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal cell death in mouse primary cortical culture and on  hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice in vivo. We found that xyloketal B reduced anoxia-induced neuronal cell death in vitro, as well as infarct volume in neonatal  hypoxic-ischemic brain injury model in vivo. Furthermore, xyloketal B improved functional behavioral recovery of the animals following hypoxic-ischemic insult. In addition, xyloketal B significantly decreased calcium entry, reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells, reduced the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins, and increased the level of Bcl-2 protein after the hypoxic-ischemic injury. Our findings indicate that xyloketal B is effective in models of hypoxia-ischemia and thus has potential as a treatment for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md13010029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,24]],"date-time":"2014-12-24T11:51:41Z","timestamp":1419421901000},"page":"29-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Marine Compound Xyloketal B Reduces Neonatal  Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ai-Jiao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8,  Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto,  ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baofeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8,  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Turlova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8,  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Barszczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marielle","family":"Deurloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guan-Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University,  Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong-Ping","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Shuo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8,  Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto,  ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto,  ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162205000563","article-title":"Neonatal encephalopathy: Etiology and outcome","volume":"47","author":"Nelson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. 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