{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T21:46:06Z","timestamp":1774388766160,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]],"date-time":"2015-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Irish National Development Plan 2007\u20132013","award":["PBA\/AF\/08\/001(01)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PBA\/AF\/08\/001(01)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004875","name":"DFG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ko 1314\/5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ko 1314\/5-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004875","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Two strains of Azadinium poporum, one from the Korean West coast and the other from the North Sea, were mass cultured for isolation of new azaspiracids. Approximately 0.9 mg of pure AZA-36 (1) and 1.3 mg of pure AZA-37 (2) were isolated from the Korean (870 L) and North Sea (120 L) strains, respectively. The structures were determined to be 3-hydroxy-8-methyl-39-demethyl-azaspiracid-1 (1) and 3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-39-demethyl-azaspiracid-1 (2) by 1H- and 13C-NMR. Using the Jurkat T lymphocyte cell toxicity assay, (1) and (2) were found to be 6- and 3-fold less toxic than AZA-1, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md13116687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]],"date-time":"2015-11-02T02:53:57Z","timestamp":1446432837000},"page":"6687-6702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Structure Elucidation and in Vitro Toxicity of New Azaspiracids Isolated from the Marine Dinoflagellate Azadinium poporum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bernd","family":"Krock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8207-4382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urban","family":"Tillmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c9ric","family":"Potvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hae","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environmental Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Drebing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1219-7731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Kilcoyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, H91 R673, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al-Jorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan, Dearborn, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9267-267X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Twiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan, Dearborn, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"G\u00f6thel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"K\u00f6ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"West coast of Ireland; winter toxicity of unknown aetiology in mussels","volume":"14","author":"McMahon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Harmful Algae News"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9967","DOI":"10.1021\/ja981413r","article-title":"Azaspiracid, a new marine toxin having unique spiro ring assemblies, isolated from Irish mussels, Mytilus edulis","volume":"120","author":"Satake","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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