{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:13:51Z","timestamp":1790151231163,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,3]],"date-time":"2015-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Marine Drugs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effects of temperature on growth and production of Lipophilic Toxins (LT) by a monoclonal culture of Dinophysis caudata was studied. The cell density of D. caudata increased significantly with increasing temperature, and was the highest under 27, 30, and 32.5 \u00b0C. Temperature affected the average specific growth rate (\u00b5) during the exponential growth phase (EG), which increased from 15 \u00b0C to 30 \u00b0C, and then decreased at 32.5 \u00b0C. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) revealed that this strain of D. caudata produced only pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) whose concentration increased significantly with incubation period, except at 32.5 \u00b0C. It was significantly different between temperatures \u226418 \u00b0C, \u226521 \u00b0C, and 32.5 \u00b0C. The cellular toxin production (CTP, pg\u00b7cell\u22121\u00b7day\u22121) showed variation with growth phase and temperature, except at 32.5 \u00b0C. The average net toxin production (Rtox) was not affected by temperature. During EG, the average specific toxin production rate (\u00b5tox) increased significantly with increase in temperature, reaching a peak of 0.66 \u00b1 0.01 day\u22121 at 30 \u00b0C, and then decreased. Over the entire growth span, \u00b5tox was significantly correlated to \u00b5, and this correlation was most significant at 27 and 30 \u00b0C. During EG, \u00b5tox was affected by both temperature and growth. This study shows that temperature affects growth and toxin production of this strain of D. caudata during EG. In addition, a positive correlation was found between toxin production and growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/md13127061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,3]],"date-time":"2015-12-03T11:12:09Z","timestamp":1449141129000},"page":"7124-7137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Influence of Temperature on Growth and Production of Pectenotoxin-2 by a Monoclonal Culture of Dinophysis caudata"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Leila","family":"Basti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoji","family":"Matsushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshifumi","family":"Yamatogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagasaki Prefectural Institute of Fisheries, 1551-4 Taira, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.2331\/suisan.44.1249","article-title":"Occurrence of a new type of shellfish poisoning in the Tohoku district","volume":"44","author":"Yasumoto","year":"1978","journal-title":"Bull. 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